per Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 2010-08 16 2 79 87 article Sharareh Khosravi 1 Farideh yaghmai Farideh_2002@yahoo.com 2 Background & Aim: 20-30 percent of childhood accidents occurred in and around the school. So study and prevention of accidents is an important subject in health care system. In order to systematic data gathering related to students` accident there is a need to a form including different aspects of this type of accidents. The purpose of this article is to investigate various available forms of different countries and design such a form to study students` accidents in schools of Iran. Methods: This article is written with the purpose of making a student report accident form. At first available forms were gathered through search in data bases such as proquest and science direct, and also general sites such as Google. The primary form was designed considering these forms and present conditions and needs. Then it was given to eight nursing academic member of different medical science universities. Their opinions were considered and at last the final form was made. Findigs: The present form is designed for primary and guidance schools. It is important to know that all accidents which occurred in the field of school authority are considered in the form. The designed form includes 17 sections and each section several questions. Some parts of the form were child characteristics, school characteristics, nature and severity of the injury and etc. Conclusion: Despite the official supervision, school hours have been estimated to be no safer than nonschool hours. These accidents and injuries can cause serious health problems, health costs and school absence. The information gathered through this form can provide a complete and practical base of information related to different aspects of school accidents to plan preventing programs. On the other hand these official documents can be useful in the case of legal situations. http://sjfm.ir/article-1-297-en.html Vital Indexes; Student Accident; Accident Report Form per Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 2010-08 16 2 89 94 article Ali Rafizadeh mpalirafizadeh@gmail.com 1 Shahab Shariati 2 Leila Pourmohammad 3 Soodeh Fooladmehr 4 Background and Aim: In spite of many usefulness and progressive application of methanol in today life and industry, the accidental or unawareness drinking of it in alcoholic drinks caused some problems in public health. Therefore, it seems, qualitative detection of methanol in concentrations more than permissible dose in such products is necessary. In this study, a new qualitative method with easy application based on chromotropic acid method has been suggested for detection of toxic dose of methanol in alcoholic drinks. Materials & Methods: After adding potassium permanganate (contaning orthophosphoric acid) to sample into a fixed 50 mL volumetric flask in a cold bath and waiting for specified period, enough sodium hydrogen sulfite is added to it for decolorizing of mixture. Then, chromotropic acid with concentrated sulfuric is added to the flask and it is fixed in a 60°C bath for 15 minutes. After this time, the flask is cooled and its volume is arisen to 50 mL and then, optical density of the solution is determined in 575 nm. Findings: The obtained results were shown application of micro amounts of sample and reactants would have good results such as decreasing of application limits of classic chromotropic acid method. Furthermore, using of a competitive reactant (propanol) is lead to detection of methanol in concentrations more than toxic amount in alcoholic drinks. Conclusion: For detection of methanol in concentrations more than permissible dose or toxic amount in alcoholic drinks that based on European countries standard is about 0.4% v/v, the chromotropic acid method can be used as an accurate, sensitive, simple, cheap and rapid method in general laboratories with no especial equipment. http://sjfm.ir/article-1-298-en.html Methanol; Qualitative Analysis; Colorimetery; Chromotropic Acid per Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 2010-08 16 2 95 106 article Sakineh Taherkhani sakinehtaherkhani@yahoo.com 1 Mandana Mirmohammadali 2 Anooshirvan Kazemnejad 3 Mohammad Arbabi 4 Background & Aim: Violence is one of the important causes of disability and death in women that often results to poor health conditions, low quality of life and high use of health services also correlates with multiple physical and mental consequences. This survey designed to determine association experience time and fear of domestic violence with the occurrence of depression among women refered to the family health centers, Tehran (2007). Materials & Methods: This study is a descriptive cross sectional survey, 811 women were chosen with stratified random sampling method. Data collection’s instrument was questionnaire that was filled out by interviewing. Descriptive and inferential statistics (x2 test, fisher exact test and logistic regression) were used for data analysis. Findings: The prevalence of depression, domestic violence in last year, domestic violence befor of last year and fear of domestic violence was 37.1% [mild depression (28.7%),moderate depression (8.2%), severe depression (0.2%)], 88.3%, 76.3% and 55.7% respectively. Women experienced domestic violence in last year, befor of last year and fear of domestic violence had depressive symptoms (OR= 3.547, 95% CI= 2.003-6.281), (OR= 2.153, 95% CI=1.482-3.129) and (OR= 2.88, 95% CI= 2.123-3.905) respectively. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms correlated with the type and proximity of domestic violence’s experience on the other hand not only the direct experience of domestic violence but also the presence of fear of domestic violence associated with depressive symptoms. Therefore fear of domestic violence along with the experience of domestic violence should be considered in assessing depression in women. http://sjfm.ir/article-1-300-en.html Violence Against Women; Domestic Violence; Fear of Domestic Violence; Depression per Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 2010-08 16 2 107 117 article 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 zeinali@kawsar.ir 10 Background & Aim: DNA Profiling has become one of the most robust and reliable methods at forensic identification However, an insufficient DNA quantity (less than 100 Pg or 33 copies) found often in forensic evidence samples, is a major hindrance. Amplification of such low copy number DNA samples is attainable with the most efficient whole genome amplification (WGA) method, named improved primer extension preamplification (I-PEP) PCR. Methods: By initial assessment of existing PEP and I-PEP methods on serially diluted DNA, it was attempted to reach an improved method leading to reliable profiling with the lowest amount of template. This method employs degenerate 15-mer PCR primers followed by specific amplification of DNA with specific primers. Results: Subsequent to the amplification with the new modified and improved I-PEP, which we term KI-PEP PCR, complete DNA profile was obtained from only 2.5 pg of input DNA. Using this method, a fragment size of 1106 bp was effortlessly amplified with the specific primers. Conclusions: The Utility of KI-PEP PCR not only increases the low quantity of DNA, but also provides the optimum length appropriate to DNA Typing techniques. http://sjfm.ir/article-1-301-en.html Medicine; Forensic Identification; DNA Profiling; WGA; KI-PEP PCR per Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 2010-08 16 2 119 125 article ghodousi@khuisf.ac.ir 1 2 3 4 5 Background & Aim: Trauma is one of the main causes of tooth loss especially in younger adults. In this study, the effect of trauma on tooth concussion and prognostic factors are assessed, and the effect of treatment is also evaluated. Materials and Methods: The population of study consisted of all the patients referred to the forensic Medicine center of Isfahan that were victims of trauma with diagnosis of tooth concussion. Pulp vitality tests and periapical tests were performed and dental radiography was done. Then the patients were examined 3 times in a 6 month period (first visit, 2 months after trauma, 6 months after trauma). Eventually the examination results were compared and the process of healing was assessed. Findings: Among all the 104 examined patients only 6 (5.8 %) cases of necrosis, 2 (1.9%) cases of internal resorption and none of them with calcification were found . According to Fischer`s test, there is no significant difference in frequency of necrosis and internal resorption in both sexes. The prognosis of teeth followed by instant treatment was good. Conclusion: The results found in this study indicate a good prognosis for the tooth concussion that can be even better with instant treatment attention. http://sjfm.ir/article-1-304-en.html Concussion Prognosis Trauma Forensic Medicine per Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 2010-08 16 2 127 133 article jaber_565@yahoo.com 1 2 Background; Aim: Today, hospital management monitoring is considered as a very important measure to improve the quality of hospital services. For years this process in the world's most prestigious medical centers takes place but unfortunately we have not much experience and a comprehensive review of articles in persian language about the causes and extent of public dissatisfaction with hospital patients. In order to achieve this goal we decided to do these reviews in Mazandaran province. Materials & Methods: The study population included all referrals to public hospitals in Mazandaran province in the first half of 2009. Information achieved in two forms: active (referred to public hospital patients discharged from six cities of the province Behshahr, Sari, Qaemshahr,, Nour, Ramsar and Chalus, randomly, based on questionnaires) and inactive (review complaints sent to Mazandaran University of medical Sciences) were collected. Findings: In this study, the overall prevalence of 0.12 per thousand complaints has been referred. Totally, 1.57 in 1000 patients admitted in the government centers began to complain in writing. 70% of applicants were male and others were female. Totally, 53% of complaints received from the governmental hospital. According to the questionnaires it was found that most patients expect from health systems to provide welfare issues and deal properly with them. Overall, 61% of written complaints and 29% of oral complains were because of financial problems - to obtain the money out of tariffs bribe. Conclusion: The expectation of patients from hospitals and welfare needs mainly to create peace and respect by staff and medical staff, even though in the absence of supply, They usually do not complain. Complaints are raised mainly when the patient's injury or economic life is entered. Therefore, if there is not any discussion on dissatisfaction with the form of a formal complaint, it’s not the concept of integrity. http://sjfm.ir/article-1-306-en.html Hospital; Patient Complaints; Satisfaction