per Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 2020-10 26 2 131 137 article A. Cheraghi 1 H. Riazi h.riazi@sbmu.ac.ir 2 M. Emamhadi 3 S. Jambarsang 4 Student Research Committee, School of Nursing & Midwifery Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Biostatistics, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Aims: Identifying the causes of midwifery errors and providing appropriate solutions to reduce these errors play an important role in providing health care for women and society. This study aimed to identify occupational factors leading to obstetric errors from midwives' viewpoints working in obstetrics and health centers. Instrument & Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 252 midwives working in the delivery block and health centers of three Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, and Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2014. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to conduct the research. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney. Legal errors were also prioritized based on the experiences of midwives or one of their colleagues. Findings: The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed that except for five variables of midwifery professional responsibility insurance, midwifery hard work, patient referral problems, authorities' characteristics, and material satisfaction with the job, the rest of the variables had the same role in the incidence of midwifery errors from the perspective of the two groups (P>0.05). Also, the first to the fourth priority of the errors occurred was based on the experiences of midwives working in the delivery block, carelessness, indiscretion, lack of skill and non-compliance with governmental laws and from the perspective of midwives working in health centers, indiscretion, carelessness, lack of skills and lack of compliance with government laws. Conclusion: Identifying the causes of midwifery errors, especially from the perspective of employed midwives, is of particular importance in controlling and reducing the errors of this profession. http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1157-en.pdf Midwifery Medical Errors Occupational Factors per Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 2020-10 26 2 139 148 article S. tamaddoni 1 A. Hejjazi arya_hedjazi@yahoo.com 2 Sh. Masoudi 3 A. Fotovvat 4 Department of Family Counseling, Quchan Branch, Azad University, Quchan, Iran Legal Medicine Research Center, Iranian Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran Department of Counseling & Psychology, Quchan Branch, Azad University, Quchan, Iran Legal Medicine Research Center, Iranian Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Stockholm syndrome scale. Instrument & Methods: The present study is a kind of cross-sectional descriptive-survey research. The statistical population included all women with a total number of 2210 after suing their husbands for spousal abuse in Mashhad city courts from October to March 2017. The statistical sample in this study included 360 people who were selected by a convenience sampling method. Data collection tools included the Stockholm Syndrome Scale (SSS) and the revised adult attachment questionnaire (RAAS). Data analysis was performed using exploratory factor analysis, correlation method, Cronbach's alpha, and split-half reliability coefficient in the SPSS 26 program. Findings: The study's findings based on exploratory factor analysis confirmed the three-factor structure of the scale that these factors (core, psychological damage, and love dependence) explained 52.36% of the scale's variance. The convergent and divergent validity scale results through the adult attachment questionnaire indicated that the Stockholm syndrome scale had a significant negative relationship with secure attachment and a significant positive correlation with both avoidant and ambivalent attachments. Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.886, and the split-half coefficient is 0.707 indicated the desired reliability of the scale. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated the good validity and reliability of the Stockholm syndrome scale in the Iranian sample; thus, this scale can be used as a reliable tool in marital research. http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1156-en.pdf Crime Victims Adults Syndrome Object Attachment Psychometric Validity and Reliability per Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 2020-10 26 2 149 157 article H. Najibzadeh 1 A. Manzari Tavakoli 2 A. Masjedi Arani 3 N. Fatehi Rad 4 M. Jalalkamali 5 M. Ghadi Pasha 6 M. Forozesh 7 Department of Public Administration, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran Department of Educational Sciences, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran Department of Clinical Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Business Management, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran Department of Public Administration, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran Forensic Medicine Organization Research Center, Tehran, Iran Forensic Medicine Organization Research Center, Tehran, Iran Aims: The foundation of the legal or scientific system governing organizations' management is the theories and rules of the school of Islamic management. This study aimed to explain the role of Islamic values in the better and more correct implementation of the forensic medicine organization's policies. Instrument & Methods: The present study is a descriptive and correlational study conducted by survey method. The study's statistical population was physicians and non-physicians of Ardabil, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Tehran, Ilam, and South Khorasan provinces. Sampling was done by cluster method and data analysis using descriptive and inferential statistics (correlation test and structural equation modeling) through Amos 23 and SPSS 23 software. Findings: The components of responsibility, competitiveness and overtaking, honesty, respect for others, inner interest in values and norms, empathy with people and loyalty, observance of justice and fairness, especially the dimension of justice and fairness, had an impact on the better and more correct implementation of medical organization policies. Conclusion: The Islamic value system affects the better and more correct implementation of the forensic organization's policies.   http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1152-en.pdf Value Policy Islamic Forensic Medicine per Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 2020-10 26 2 159 167 article E. Moazam 1 M. Abbasi 2 V. Ghasemi Ahd 3 E. Moazam el_moazam@yahoo.com 4 Department of Law, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Law, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran Aims: End-of-life care providers to patients in the later stages of the disease are potentially exposed to a variety of judicial, legal and professional problems. This study was to review and analyze these challenges and ways to deal with them. Information & Methods: In this systematic review study, some aspects of end-of-life care such as patient decision-making competence, discontinuation of life support treatments and useless or ineffective treatments and requesting death assistance with targeted search in 8 databases and reviewing 44 sources, from a legal point of view. An analysis was made. Findings: The biggest challenges in the field of assisting in the death of patients, choosing the right person to decide in the final stages and ending the treatment were seen as useless or ineffective. In many countries, laws were enacted to discontinue life-sustaining treatments, and the process of judicial proceedings was to accept the requests of patients or their alternative representatives. Gradually, more and more countries have legalized end-of-life assistance in terms of conditional assistance. Conclusion: The legal challenges to end-of-life and how to deal with it vary in different societies and legal intervention in end-of-life lawsuits be avoided as much as possible. http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1125-en.pdf Terminal Care End-of-Life Care Legal Aspect per Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 2020-10 26 2 169 172 article Kh. Saravani dr.kh.saravani93@gmail.com 1 M. Afshari 2 N. Asadinejad 3 A. Akbari 4 Department of Internal, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Forensic Medicine Department, Forensic Medicine Organization of Mazandaran Province, Sari, Iran Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Aims: In this study, the compliance of the issued death certificate with the World Health Organization and 10-ICD codes standards was assessed. Instrument & Methods: In this applied descriptive study, the death certificate booklet of special, internal, and infectious (AS) deaths in Zabol city in Amir Al-Momenin Hospital was reviewed. From the total number of deaths registered in the mentioned wards from April to September 2018, 318 certificates were selected. After collecting data based on the information obtained from filling in the death certificate by internal medicine, infectious disease, general surgery, neurology, cardiology, lung, and chest surgery, data analysis was performed by SPSS 18 software. Findings: In this study, 318 certificates were reviewed. 313 Certificate (98.4%) with blank code and only five certificates (1.6%) were completed correctly. Most of the blank code was related to writing in English letters and using medical abbreviations without explanation and cardiac arrest. They were in the next ranks. Conclusion: Death certificates registered by specialists in Zabol Hospital are not based on 10-ICD standards and are not acceptable to Amir al-Momenin. http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1053-en.pdf Quality Control Cause of Death Death Certificate per Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 2020-10 26 2 173 177 article A. Alipourtabrizi arash_alipour@yahoo.com 1 A. Hedjazi 2 Sh. Shohoudifar 3 M. Sajadian 4 S. Hoseyni 5 Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran Aims: Genetic identification is now a standard and efficient method for identifying individuals and investigating claimed kinship cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Y-STR and autosomal STR markers. Materials & Methods: This case report is according to a claimed kinship that was done with available sampling of 7 relatives referred to forensic medicine in 2020. These members were 2 men and 2 women without identity cards and 3 men with identity cards claiming the uncle-nephew and aunt-nephew relationships. After authentication and obtaining the complete biographies of the nominees, the genealogy was drawn. Blood samples were analyzed using autosomal STR and Y-STR markers by Yfiler ™ Plus and GlobalFiler ™ Express kits and were electrophoresed with ABI 3500 genetic analyzer. Since to prove the claimed relative relationship, the common father of the grandfather's child must be common, so the allelic inheritance between them was examined. Findings: The results of the Y-STR indicated that the alleged uncle-nephew relationship was not ruled out. However, the results of autosomal STR markers indicated the status of Amelogenin Y-null in the profiles of all males in the pedigree. Comparison of the obtained genetic profiles showed that there was no inheritance of the obligatory paternal allele in the 4 loci D8S1179, D2S441, THO1 and D10S1248 between A and H, which definitely negated the existence of a father-son relationship between the two individuals; Hence, the alleged uncle-nephew and aunt-nephew relationship was rejected. Conclusion: Autosomal STR markers should be used to examine complex relative relationships, and the use of Y-STR markers should be limited to genetic testing of male specimens in rape evidence, crime scenes, and non-paternity cases. http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1150-en.pdf DNA Fingerprinting Y-Chromosome Short Tandem Repeats Paternity Kinship Network Forensic Genetic per Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 2020-10 26 2 179 181 article A. Masjedi Arani 1 M. Ghadipasha m.ghadipasha@gmail.com 2 S. Aram 3 Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Legal Medicine Research Center, Iranian Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran Legal Medicine Research Center, Iranian Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran This article has no abstract. http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1143-en.pdf There is not any keyword. per Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 2020-10 26 2 183 184 article A. Soleymanpour 1 O. Iravani om_iravani@yahoo.com 2 Isfahan Legal Medicine Center, Isfahan, Iran Isfahan Legal Medicine Center, Isfahan, Iran This article has no abstract. http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1155-en.pdf There is not any keyword.