eng Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 2022-09 28 2 56 63 article Leila Mokhtarzadeh Lmokhtarzade1361@gmail.com 1 Hadi Kazemi hadikzemi@gmail.com 2 Farhad Emam Jome 3 Department of Demography, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran Department of Social Sciences, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran Introduction: Child abuse by parents or others is a social and health problem that can cause serious harm to children and even give rise to their death. This social phenomenon is therefore considered a crime today. In most cases, child abuse is a sign of family disorder, and by understanding the factors involved in such event, the appropriate action can be taken against it. To this end, in the present study, the prevalence of child abuse cases and its criminalization in Isfahan has been evaluated and detected. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the recorded data of 30 abused children over the years 2015 and 2016 was collected from centers such as Isfahan Forensic Medicine Organization, courts and lawyers’ offices in the city. Results: The results of this study showed that child abuse has increased in Isfahan during these two years by 0.005%. Out of 30 registered abused children, 11 (36.7%) were girls with the mean age of 7±1.83 years and 19 (63.3%) were boys with the mean age of 7.79± 2.12 years. The highest frequency of child abuse cases with 14 (46.7%) was pertinent to the type of physical abuse, followed by sexual abuse with 11 (36.7%) and no case of child criminal exploitation was found. The abuser was mostly familiar with the abused one 11 (36.7%). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, although the prevalence of child abuse cases was very low, most of them were physical and sexual, and boys have been reported more than girls. This phenomenon has been more prevalent in low-income families with lower levels of education, and the abuser has often not been a first-degree relative. Therefore, it seems that informing families about children’s rights can prevent the spread of this social problem as much as possible. http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1344-en.pdf کودک‌آزاری پزشکی قانونی جرم انگاری per Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 2022-09 28 2 64 70 article Rasoul Salimi rasoulsl@yahoo.com 1 Leily Mahmudi liley.mahmudi@gmail.com 2 Mohammad Vaseie vaseiem@yahoo.com 3 Abbas Moradi moradi@umsha.ac.ir 4 Amin Geraie amingeraie@gmail.com 5 Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Faculty of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran Introduction: The emergency department is one of the most important departments of any hospital, where patients or their companions may not be satisfied with the services provided due to various reasons. This study aims to investigate the causes of the complaints of patients visiting the emergency department at Be’sat Hospital in Hamedan, Iran in 2018-2019. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all the complaints made over the years 2018 and 2019 from the emergency department of Ba’ath Hospital in Hamedan, Iran were investigated. Demographic information, causes of complaint, sources of complaint, results of complaints and the complaint section were collected. Results: One hundred and seventy complaints were filed in two years. One hundred and nineteen cases (68.4%) were filed by the patient’s companions. Half of the patients who complained had university education. The postponement in the visit and assignment of the patient by the doctor, inappropriate treatment of the treatment staff, medical malpractice and wrong diagnosis were the most important reasons for the client complaints. In 45% of the cases, the patient or the patient’s companion was right. Meanwhile, 39.1% of patients had no convincing reason to complain and 15.5% of their complaints were unsuccessful. A significant relationship was observed between the outcome of the complaint and education. Most of the registered complaints that were right with the patient were relevant to people with university education (P=0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that postponement in the visit and assignment of the patient by the doctor, inappropriate treatment of the emergency personnel with the patient, medical malpractice, and wrong diagnosis are the most important causes of client complaints. Almost in half of the cases, the patient was right, which had a significant relationship with the level of education of the patients. http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1354-en.pdf Emergency department Complaints Patient satisfaction per Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 2022-09 28 2 71 82 article Zeynab Ameri zeynabameri2014@gmail.com 1 Mostafa Enayatrad 2 Arghavan Feyzmanesh argfeyzmanesh1993@gmail.com 3 School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahrud University of Medical Sciences, Shahrud, Iran Clinical Research Development Unit, Bahar Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran School of Medicine, Shahrud University of Medical Sciences, Shahrud, Iran Introduction: Domestic violence is an aggressive behavior, including different dimensions of physical, psychological, harmful, economic, and sexual health and is considered to be a health priority owing to its significant side effects on women. This study aims to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral group counseling with a positive approach on domestic violence and quality of life in order to identify and control the negative thoughts of violent women. Methods: The present study is a three-blind randomized controlled trial study conducted on women in 2017 who experienced violence referring to health and treatment centers in Shahrud city, Iran. In order to collect information, the conflict resolution tactics questionnaire (to measure the experience and acts of violence) and the quality of life questionnaire were employed in the intervention and control groups. The intervention group underwent eight sessions of positive behavioral cognitive training and the control group received eight sessions of women's health training. The level of experience and the acts of violence in two groups were evaluated in the intervals before, immediately, three and six months after the intervention. To analyze the data, independent t-analysis and repeated measurement were utilized. Results: The average total score of violence before counseling in the intervention group declined from 145.9 to 14.3 after the intervention (P=0.001), and in the control group it decreased from 102.5 to 45 in the control group (P=0.001). This difference was observed in all subscales of violence. Meanwhile, a significant increase in quality of life scores was observed after the intervention compared to the control group. Conclusion: Positive behavioral cognitive training would be influential in decreasing violence, as well as improving mental health level and quality of women’s life subjected to violence and it can enhance their quality of life. http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1340-en.pdf Domestic violence Battered women Quality of life per Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 2022-09 28 2 83 91 article Sajad Jalili Fard sajad.137341@gmail.com 1 Mohammad Reza Abyaz mr.abyaz1397@gmail.com 2 Nooshin Asadmasjedi no.masjedi@gmail.com 3 School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Introduction: Over the recent years, considering the prevalence of poisonings and the costs imposed on the country’s health system and the risk of death for those exposed, the researchers decided to perform a study with the aim of epidemiologically investigating the types of poisonings in patients referred to Dezful Hospital from 2017 to 2019. Methods: This retrospective descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 896 patients referred to Dezful General Hospital between 2017 and 2019 due to poisoning. Study data were extracted from patients’ medical records and documents, which were extracted from patients’ records based on a pre-designed checklist. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS Version 24 statistic software. Results: Fifty-three point seven percent of people (481 people) were male and the rest were female. The results showed a significant relationship between gender and poisoning and this probability was higher in men. The highest percentage of intentional poisonings (55.6%), in the summer season (35.3%), singles (51.7%), age group 21 to 35 years (40.6%) and city dwellers (4.4%) were 80%). Conclusion: Public education about animal bites, drugs abuse, medications and side effects can help save lives and diminish the amount of poisoning hospital admission. http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1345-en.pdf Poisoning Epidemiology Hospital per Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 2022-09 28 2 92 103 article Akran Fotovat akfo_1400_41@yahoo.com 1 Vajiheh Zohoorparvandeh zohoory2002@yahoo.com 2 Azam Fotovat afotovat67@gmail.com 3 Navin Khosravian 4 Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Payame Noor University, Mashhad, Iran Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Payame Noor University, Mashhad, Iran Mashhad Education Organization, Mashhad, Iran Legal Medicine Research Center, Iranian Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran Introduction: This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training courses on the efficiency of forensic medical staff in Khorasan Razavi, taking into account the mediating role of leadership styles. Methods: This descriptive and analytical study was conducted on the statistical population of Khorasan Razavi forensic medical staff with a sample size of 111 people utilizing three standard questionnaires of Arab educational effectiveness, Hajizadeh staff efficiency and Likert leadership styles. The collected data were analyzed employing correlation tests, simple regression, and structural equations with the help of SPSS version 21 and Smart PLS software. Results: The results of the study indicated that educational effectiveness (P=0.00 and β=0.591) and leadership styles are effective on employee efficiency (P=0.00 and β=0.595) ;leadership styles have a mediating role on the relationship between educational effectiveness and employee efficiency (1.96 Conclusion: One third of the effect of training courses on the efficiency of employees is influenced by the variable of leadership styles. It is therefore necessary to include the training of managers in training programs in order to adopt more effective styles to enhance the efficiency and productivity of employees. http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1352-en.pdf Educational effectiveness Employee efficiency Leadership styles per Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 2022-09 28 2 104 108 article Shayesteh Ashrafi-Esfahani sh.ashrafi.es@gmail.com 1 Masoud Ghadipasha m.ghadipasha@yahoo.com 2 Bashir Nazparvar bnazparvar@yahoo.com 3 Nahid Dadashzadeh Asl dadashzadehn@yahoo.com 4 Shirin Sapour shirin.sapour@hotmail.com 5 Legal Medicine Research Center, Iranian Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran Legal Medicine Research Center, Iranian Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran Legal Medicine Research Center, Iranian Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran Legal Medicine Research Center, Iranian Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Midwifery, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Introduction: Since the background mental disorders may be transmitted to siblings, infertile couples are usally worried about inheritance of bad mental situations form donors to the child. This study was performed to determine the different kinds of mental disorders in female egg donors. Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 100 Egg donors  were enrolled in hospitals in Tehran over the years 2017 and 2018 and different types of mental disorders in them were determined by SCL questionnaire. Results: In this study, 91 subjects were analyzed that among them 39% had mental disorders. The type of disorder was hypochondriasis, psychosis, hypomania, depression, OCD, anxiety, and personality disorder in 11%, 9%, 9%, 17%, 11%, 20%, and 23%, respectively. Psychological disorder and its type had no significant relationship with age and underlying diseases in people (P>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, psychological disorders are observed in more than one third of egg donors mainly, including depression, l personality and anxiety disorder. http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1320-en.pdf Mental disorder Egg donor Infertility per Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 2022-09 28 2 109 118 article Mohammad Vaseie vaseiem@yahoo.com 1 Maryam Amini mamini@shahed.ac.ir 2 Vahid Nikkhah vahidnikkhah97@gmail.com 3 Hajieh Borna hbborna@yahoo.com 4 Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Ira Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Introduction: Corona virus is a single-stranded RNA virus that has affected places with high population density. Middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic diseases seem to be at risk of respiratory failure and may have a poorer prognosis. In order to diminish the mortality caused by this disease and determine the impact of underlying factors on the consequences of patients, we decided to investigate the frequency of underlying diseases and its relationship with the prognosis of patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on COVID-19 patients between of February 2020 to September 2021 at Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital. After data collection, underlying diseases and their effect on prognosis during hospitalization of patients were studied and descriptive as well as analytical statistics were extracted. Results: In this study, 158 cases were examined. Most of the underlying diseases in the patients were hypertension and diabetes. Eighty point four percent of patients had at least one underlying disease. In the meantime, was a significant relationship between oxygen saturation level and deterioration criteria (P<0.05). Meanwhile, a significant relationship was observed between the age of patients with the need for mechanical ventilation and mortality (P<0.05). Kidney diseases, diabetes and high blood pressure as well as the presence and number of underlying diseases with poor prognosis the need for mechanical ventilation and also death had a significant relationship (P<0.05). Conclusion: A high percentage of people with COVID-19 are elderly and have underlying diseases, some of which are associated with bad prognosis and high mortality. Multiple underlying diseases are also a predisposing factor for worse prognosis and high mortality. To this end, the care and treatment of these people is very important. http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1357-en.pdf COVID-19 Comorbidity Body mass index Mechanical ventilation per Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 2022-09 28 2 119 120 article Mohammadjafar Sadeghpuor jafar.samen.1367@gmail.com 1 Department of Jurisprudence and Law, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1347-en.pdf