@article{ author = {Aghabiklooei, Abbas and Arab, Lalim}, title = {Study of Parents\' attitude on autopsy after loss of a pregnancy or a baby at maternity hospitals of Tehran-Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2006}, abstract ={  Abstract     Background & Aim: Autopsy of fetus and neonate has a special importance and can provide important information to gynecologists, pediatricians and clinical genetics counselors. Also it helps the safety of next pregnancies. The attitude of parents on postmortem examination has a main role in frequency of perinatal autopsies. On the other hand, cultural, religious, economical and social factors influence on parents attitude. So we want to assess the parents’ views about the autopsy of perinatal death in this search.   Material & Methods : This is a cross-sectional study and the sample were selected at random. In this study the attitude of one hundred parents who loss pregnancy or neonate about postmortem examination was assessed by questionnaire method at three maternity hospitals of Tehran.   Findings : From 100 cases of perinatal death in 66 cases the cause of death by physicians was unknown, in 15 cases was congenital abnormality and in 19 cases was other diseases. From 100 couples (60 mothers and 40 fathers)with new perinatal death, 68 cases (66.6% mothers and 70% fathers) agreed with autopsy, of those who agreed with autopsy, to know the cause of death (45.3%), worried about next pregnancy (35.8%) and assessment of congenital anomalies of fetus (18.9%) were the main causes. 32% of parents refused to autopsy (33% mothers and 30% fathers). The main reasons for declining in mothers were concerns about emotional factor (77.7%), and in fathers were economic reason (46.2%)   Conclusion : The parents who experienced baby death had more negative attitude oh autopsy those who experienced fetus death, the parents with negative attitude had lower education than that of positives. This study showed that most of parents were agreed with autopsy and if the necessary qualifications for autopsy be prepared, many of those of confronted with perinatal death will be agreed with it. Also this study showed that the main causes of negative attitude by parents are emotional and economic factors, so we believed that the parents knowledge on benefits of autopsy will be elevated by educational programs in obstetric centers by expert counselor.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {147-151}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-9-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-9-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {RafizadehTabaiZavareh, Sayyed Mohsen and HajManoochehri, Reza and NasajiZavareh, Maryam}, title = {}, abstract ={Abstract Background & Aim: The main reason that necessitated the research study was the increase in the number of complaints lodged against medical personnel in particular general practitioners (as the largest and most important group of physicians) in recent years as well as the increase of high-risk treatment measures taken by this group. The study aimed at establishing mechanisms to decrease the level of general practitioners’ negligence and teaching such mechanisms to this group of physicians. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out by study of complaints referred to the Forensic Medicine Commission of Tehran Center and statistical analysis of information gathered. Findings: The most common type of general practitioners’ negligence related to lack of proficiency and the highest rate of negligence recorded ranged between 1-10%. 87.3% of the general practitioners against whom a complaint had been lodged were male and the rest were female. The percentage of negligence among male physicians was more than that among the female group. The most cases of complaint against general practitioners related to medical treatment at the office and the least at public hospitals. The highest percentage of negligence had occurred at private hospitals, while the lowest percentage related to public hospitals. The highest percentage of complaints concerned medical treatment by general practitioners in the field of cardiovascular diseases (15.5%), while the highest percentage of negligence related to the fields of dermatology (77.8%) and plastic surgery (75%). Among all the complaints, the patient died in 49.1% of the cases. Conclusion: Based on the research results, general practitioners should: FIRST, pay more attention when preparing medical histories , performing complete clinical examination and referring the patient on time to a specialist and a more equipped medical center SECOND, avoid high-risk medical treatments such as injection of aesthetic gel, performing aesthetic surgeries and spinal cord injections THIRD, in cases With Probability of cardiac ischemia, proceed with more examinations and avoid releasing the patient soon. It was also determined that the Ministry of Health and Medical Education should exercise more supervision on aesthetic surgeries and skin laser therapies conducted by general practitioners especially at their offices.}, Keywords = {Negligence, General Practitioners, Tehran Center Commission}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {152-157}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-10-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-10-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Shakeri, Jalal and Hosseini, Monir and Sadeghi, Khayrollah and Rashidi, Ali and Mehdinia, Alireza and Ahannavard, Mi}, title = {Epidemiology of Personality Disorders in opioid substance-traffic -prisoners in Kermanshah Central Prison (2004)}, abstract ={Abstract Background & Aim: This research has been conducted to assess the prevalence rate of personality disorders in the males & females dealt with opioid substance traffic imprisoned in Kerman shah Central Prison. Materials and Methods: In this research 413 males and 45 females, Imprisoned in KCP due to drug traffic were randomly chosen and assessed through Millon multiaxial questionnaire. Final diagnosis was made by psychiatrist soon after clinical interview through the signs and symptoms based on DSM-IV-TR. The data were analyzed through x2 & T tests, and the SPSS 11.5 software. Findings: The result obtained from this survey represented 85.15% of the testers to be involved in personality disorders in which the most common were demonstrative personality disorder, and antisocial disorder, 42.36% & 40.39% respectively. The least common disorder was schizophrenia personality disorder (15.64%). This study also revealed 52.62% of the prisoners involved in mix personality disorder. There was also a significant relation among career, education, marital status and the opioid substance traffic. Conclusion: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders, especially in its mixed type, is much more common in the prisoners involved in opioid-substance than the other people in society.}, Keywords = {epidemiology, personality, disorders, prison, opioid substance traffic}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {158-162}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-11-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-11-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Shirzad, Jalal and Gharedaghi, Jaber}, title = {Study of methods and causes of Suicides resulting in death referred to Legal Medicine Organization of IRAN in first six month of 2004}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Suicides, Hanging, Death, Etiology}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {163-170}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-13-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-13-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Sheikhazadi, Ardeshir and Ghadyani, Mohammad Hassan and Kiani, Mehrz}, title = {Review of inquest, sue and punishment of dentistry malpractice & errors in Iran}, abstract ={Abstract Background & Aim: Medical malpractice includes of failure in diagnosis, treatment or disease management of disease and the claims resulting from medical malpractice creates a part of referrals of legal medicine organization, medical council organization, and judiciary system in I.R.IRAN. Guidelines reducing medical malpractice and promoting doctors' defense ability include scientific and practical education of medical team regarding concept and principals of medical malpractice and medical errors in their field, patient’s claims, increasing their knowledge to rules and regulations and ways of increasing safety of medical team. Materials & Methods: This article has been specialized to patient’s claims from dentists and with a review on concept and principals of medical malpractice and medical errors, and how to investigate about this matter, provides essential information for dentists to increase their legal knowledge and reduce the claims of their services and if sued, they could defend rationally and effectively. Observing scientific and technical standards in diagnostic and remedial measures is the most important criterion which is used at courts and disciplinary committees. Findings: Several centers including courts, legal medicine organization, and medical council organization are investigating patient claims of dentists and other doctors. This claim are evaluating based on Islamic punishment law, criminal law, medical council organization and other governmental disciplinary regulations. The punishments mainly include DIEH (mulct or blood-money) and/or regulation punishment. Conclusion: Standardized of dentistry's services, overview of dentist's duties, provide a logical dentistry's practices payment, control over quality of dentistry services, increasing knowledge of dentists about malpractice and medical errors and investigating of them, specializing the court of medical crimes, reform of Islamic punishment law, and finally consulting forensic medicine specialists and covering with professional insurance organizations can improve this situation.}, Keywords = {Dentistry Malpractice; Medical Errors; Islamic Punishment Law}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {171-180}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-14-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-14-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Asgharه, Mohammad and Saberi, Sayyed Mahdi and Rezaee, Omid and Doulatshai, Behrooz}, title = {Mental Disorders Prevalence In Patients with GID}, abstract ={Abstract Background & Aim: Treatment of gender identity is complex and rarely successful when the goal is the reverse the disorder. Consequently number of these patients can get permission to change their gender through surgery, as a definite and treatment irreversible. On the other hand, 30% male and 20% female patients after surgery are unsatisfied. Reasons of this un satisfaction are different. Mental disorders co morbidity are one of these causes. So, diagnosis and treatment of these disorders may improve the satisfaction level in these patients before and after surgery. Material & Methods: Sampling method was counting all patients with GID who appealed to "legal medicine organization of Islamic Republic of Iran for change of gender through 1383-1384 consisted population of study. Consequently 55 patients with GID selected (30 female and 25 male) and analyzed for mental disorders with SCL-90-R questionnaire. Findings: This study indicates mental disorder prevalence in patients with GID is around 20%. The most common co morbidity was paranoid thoughts. Other common co morbid condition were panic attack, somatization and interpersonal sensitivity, respectively. also, this study indicated, on most measures in males co morbid condition is more common. This difference was more significant particularly of inter personal sensitivity and paranoid disorders. Conclusion: Mental disorders prevalence is not much more common than general population and for male this pate is higher.}, Keywords = { Gender identity disorder, Mental disorders, Mental health}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {181-186}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-15-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-15-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2007} }