@article{ author = {}, title = {A survey on the drownings of Mazandaran province in 2007}, abstract ={Background & Aim: Annually a large number of people die of drowning and its complications around the world. In Iran drowning more occurs in summer. Tourist attractions in Mazandaran and long coast of The Caspian Sea in the province attracts more passengers yearly which danger of drowning are threatened many of them. Materials & Methods: Data were collected from 171 of drowning victims in 2007 which had completed in a pre-designed questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS11.5. Findings: This study shows that 86% of the dead were male and 73.1% were single. 82.5% of the drowned were -30 years old which the most age ranges were men of 15-24 years old. 87.7% of drownings were at sea and 9.4% in rivers. 74.8% of them happened in summer and the most time of happening (56.8%) was between 12 and 18pm. 79.5% of the drowned were not familiar with swimming and 93% of them died at drowning place. 67.3% of the drowned resided in other provinces. Among those who drowned at sea, 94.7% of their drowning place was out of conservation areas and 50% were drowned at stormy sea. Conclusion: This study showed that the problem of Mazandaran drowning is a beyond the state topic. For reduction of drowning these items are offered: 1) notifying of young men and youngsters from dangers and causes of drowning 2) swimming training courses to young men 3) Inform people of the danger of swimming at conservation areas and extension of these areas 4) reinforcing of relief organizations}, Keywords = {Drowning, The Caspian Sea, Mazandaran, Death }, volume = {16}, Number = {1}, pages = {7-13}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-263-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The study of frequency of factors related to home run away in runaway gils referred to the South of Tehran Legal Medicine Center}, abstract ={Background & Aim: Girl home run away has been increased in recent years and social, cultural and health outcomes has been paid attention from specialists, politicians and public. Based on World Health Organization‘s report, more than one million 13 to 19- year- old young run away from home yearly (74% female and 26% male). Run away phenomenon is consequence of several causes. Some causes are poverty, family disintegration, addiction, welfare or high liberty, parental divorce, sexual assault by relative, family ethical and regulation problems and personal factors such as antisocial personality and other mental disorders. This study is going to assess relative factors of girl runaway and propose appropriate strategies for prevention and control of factors and consequences of run away. Materials & Methods: In this study runaway girls referred to women examination ward of the South of Tehran Legal Medicine Center were examined and based on interview, the study questionnaire which includes study variables was completed. Finally, after gathering data, statistical analysis was performed. Findings: Based on runaway girl definition, 66 cases were included. Mean age and standard variation of it at run away were 17.6 and 3.17 respectively. Most of cases (84.4%) had never used drugs. Also, Most of them (82.5%) had never used alcohol. Among cases, 18 cases (29%) had experienced physical abused at home. Also, 5 cases (8.5%) had experienced sexual abuse at home. History of sex with male before run away was positive in 22 cases (34.4%). Among cases, hymen status of 32 cases (62.7%) was not intact. Based on Persian Standardized General Health Questionnaire – 28 questions (GHQ-28) and with cutoff point of 23, among of 58 cases completed the questionnaire, 42 cases (72.4%) needed more evaluations. Conclusion: With attention to increasing trend of girl run away phenomenon and problems and consequences of girl run away, prevention and identification of contributing factors and implementation of various interventions to modify them is necessary.}, Keywords = {Home Run away, Runaway Girls, Legal Medicine Organization (LMO)}, volume = {16}, Number = {1}, pages = {14-20}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-264-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Survey on consistency surface between the recorded causes of death in death certificate and the recorded causes of death in medical record for cardiovascular patients in the educational hospitals of Isfahan}, abstract ={Introduction: The basis of the mortality data is death certificate, the existing inadequacies during filling in the death certificate decrease the integrity of the health plans. In this study, it has been tried to study consistency surface between the recorded causes of death in death certificate and the recorded causes of death in medical record for cardiovascular patients. Materials & Methods: This is an analytic descriptive study and involves 710 cases, they were selected in a random systematic method among 2944 medical records of the available cardiovascular patients in the educational hospital of Isfahan. Information collected by the checklist. The agreement via capa index was used for consistency surface study between these causes and data were analyzed by Chi-square, T-student and tests. Findings: The achieved agreement between the recorded direct and underlying causes of death in the death certificate and the recorded direct and underlying causes of death in medical record for cardiovascular patients were respectively 0.63 and 0.517. They both are statically significant (P<0.001( and existing agreement was classified in good and moderate level which was distincted from the perfect level (0.75). The vain and useless causes were recorded as the direct cause of death in 21% of the death certificates in which 17.2% were related to the cardiorespiratory arrest recording. Conclusion: As the cardiovascular diseases are recorded as the first cause of death, all the causes of death should be mentioned exactly in the death certificate. In this way, through clarifying the risk factors of the cardiovascular diseases and their prevalence in the society, it is possible to have a more suitable planning to control and prevent these risk factors.}, Keywords = {Death Certificate, Death Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, Medical Record}, volume = {16}, Number = {1}, pages = {21-27}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-265-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The comparison of physical and radiologic finding in referral cases of nasal bone trauma to East Azarbabaijan Legal Medicine Center and epidemiologic finding between 2007 and 2008}, abstract ={Background & Aim: Nasal bone fracture is the most common fracture which would result from facial trauma. Discrimination between new and old nasal bone fractures, because of its big penalty in religious aspects, is a great challenge in order to prevent any injustice in courts. Materials & Methods: This was a case-series study. 1019 of referrals to East Azarbaijan Legal Medicine Center between 2007 and 2008 had the claim of nasal bone trauma. At first, they physically examined by general practitioners. Plain lateral radiography and ENT consult were requested afterwards. Findings: Most of cases were male (87.6%) the age range was 20 years. Most of them were under diploma or near diploma and 44.3% had free job. The time range between stroke and medical examination was 3-2 days. In otolaryngology examination nasal fracture was reported at 51.9% of cases but in radiographies was 60.4%. The most common positive signs at ENT were inflammation and although nearly 80% of clinical findings were similar to radiologic results, this similarity was not showed at 20% of them. Conclusion: With regard to dissimilarity between clinical and radiologic findings at 20% of cases, it is necessary to apply other exactly diagnostic methods like CT scan in order to find which one of the mentioned ways is more reliable.}, Keywords = {Nasal Fracture, Nasal Fracture Radiography, Nasal Fracture Signs}, volume = {16}, Number = {1}, pages = {28-32}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-266-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {A proposed model for complement of the legal cases in persons with successful suicide}, abstract ={Background & Aim: The main aim of the present research was investigation of the quality of the legal cases in the subjects with successful suicide. Materials & Methods: The method of the present research was the study of document and the study of content analysis. The all suicide cases in ten years ago that were in archives of the Ardabil court of justice were analyzed and coded by the authors of the present research. Thus, 42 legal cases were analyzed and the findings reported by descriptive and frequency tables. Findings: The results revealed that the frequency of successful suicide among 42 cases was 34 men and 8 women and 21 cases were single and 17.married. Suicide through hanging and substance abuse were the most frequently used by attempters. The age range of attempters were 14- 55 and the most suicide frequency were between 14-24. Conclusion: Despite judges’ effort in completion of the cases, there were many important points in the cases that have not been considered. Thus, the authors proposed some points such as important stress and global functions in past and at the suicide present time that could be more attention. Therefore, the proposed model must be attended on the basis of its limitations such as small sample size.}, Keywords = {Successful Suicide, Legal Cases, Proposed Model}, volume = {16}, Number = {1}, pages = {33-39}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-267-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The relationship between personality characteristics and demographic factors with wife abuse in men}, abstract ={Background & Aim: Although social and cultural variables are widely used for describing behavior of wife abuser men's, but increasing awareness is evident in current researches that personality characteristics might also be useful for that purpose. In this regard, the present study examines the relationship between personality characteristics and demographic factors with wife abuse. Materials & Methods: In this ex post facto research, 100 wife abuser men (with accessible sampling) and 100 normal groups (with cluster sampling) were selected and administered by demographic questionnaire and NEO-Five Factor Inventory. Data were analyzed finally using chi-square and multiple- analysis of variance statistical methods. Findings: The findings indicated that there was significant difference between wife abuser men and normal groups in neuroticism (p=0.000), agreeableness (p=0.000) and conscientiousness (p=0.000), but in extroversion and openness there wasn't significant difference between two groups. Also, the results revealed that there was significant relationship between men's education (p<0.000), income (p<0.009), unemployment (p=0.002), alcohol consume (p<0.01), addiction (p<0.000), psychological problems (p<0.001) and wife abuse against women, but there wasn’t such a relationship between men's vocation and wife abuse. Conclusion: The findings provide empirical support for the proposition that personality characteristics and demographic factors may influence wife abuse.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {1}, pages = {40-46}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-268-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {A case report about one child abuse resulted to growth disorder}, abstract ={Introduction: Child abuse includes repeatedly child or infant sexual injuries by parents or guardian in the conditions which the possibility of accidence could be rejected. Case Report: Apparent medical examination shows a 18-year-old girl which is affected by intense growth disorder due to the severe malnutrition so that her height, weight and I.Q level were 132 centimeters, 27 Kg , 61, respectively and applying test (Mariaquas) revealed her severe depression. The result of the examination was as fallow: There is hurt scar in the parietal, crown zone, hair tear of %10 of the whole head which is not grown any more, hurt scars in the hand, forearm, elbow, upper arm, the front and back of the neck, scapulas, right and left front trunk, right and left part of the waist, right and left shoulder, healed burn of degree two type (up to %2) in the right and left parotid, frequent healing scratches and chafes in the back trunk, arms and on the two hands are observed. Burning due to the impaction hot and torrid and other injuries which are caused by hard, sharp, and edged things (like carpet making tools). Conclusion: Some of the symptoms and mental disorders in the childhood and adulthood accompany with the initial life traumas like depression, post accident stress disorder (PTSD), border character disorder, drugs disconsumption, suicide , self-injury, physical making, sexual manner problems, analytic and learning disorders. There were samples of depression, low level I.Q and self-injury (skinning the hand wile interview) about the above mentioned reported case.}, Keywords = {Child Abuse, Scratch, Growth Disorder, Depression}, volume = {16}, Number = {1}, pages = {47-51}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-269-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2010} }