@article{ author = {ValizadeHasanloei, Mohammad Amin and Boshehri, Behzad and Adeli, Seyyed Hassan and KhadirSharbiani, Mohse}, title = {Association of Repeated Phlebotomy and Anemia in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit of Urmia Emam and Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital in 2012-2013}, abstract ={Background: Anemia is one of the common clinical problems of hospitalized patient in ICU ward that has different etiology. Repeated phlebotomy for laboratory evaluation can be one of the etiologies of anemia in ICU patients that wasn’t known clearly yet. The other causes are inflammation, chronic disorders and gastrointestinal bleeding. In this study we evaluated of the effect of repeated phlebotomy in hemoglobin range in patients admitted to intensive care unit of Urmia Emam Hospital. Methods: In this retrospective study we evaluate the clinical records of 841 patients from March 2011 to march 2012 who were admitted to intensive care unit Emam Khomeini and Ayatollah taleghani hospital. 641 hospitalized patients were excluded from study because they had not inclusion criteria’s and only 200 patients were enrolled in the study. The collected clinical date’s from the medical records were included sex, underlying disease, serum hemoglobin level of first and seventh day of admission, mean number and volume of blood sampling during seven days of hospitalization. Findings: Anemia was occurred in all of the 200 hospitalized ICU patients. The mean serum hemoglobin level of patients in the first and seventh day of admission was 12.85 ± 4.53 gr/dl and 11.18 ±4.6 gr/dl respectively. There was no significant relationship between age and sex of patients with serum hemoglobin level. The mean decreased level of hemoglobin in male patient after seven days of admission was 1.7 gr/dl vs 1.6 gr/dl in female patients. There was no relationship between underlying disease and degree of decreased hemoglobin. Our study revealed that recurrent blood sampling in ICU patients can causes anemia and it has a negative correlation with mean volume and the number of blood sampling. Conclusion: Repeated phlebotomy can induced Anemia in ICU patients, then it is better to avoid from unnecessary blood sampling as much as possible.}, Keywords = {Anemia, Intensive Care Unit, Repeated Phlebotomy}, volume = {19}, Number = {4}, pages = {159-164}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-513-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-513-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Hosseini, Zahra and Kholghi, Zahra and Jaberi, Somayeh and Seddighy, Akram and Salehi, Vajihe and Tafvizi, Mati}, title = {Comparison Personality Future of Conflicting and Ordinary Couple with Use}, abstract ={Background: Personality is a general and complex concept which has resistant effectes on marital relationship. Some of personality traits and mental disorders will increase conflictions and tension between couples so that these confliction may have significant effects on family’s unsuccessfulness and instability also they may threat marital durability and stability. The aim of this study is to compare personality specifications between conflicting couples and normal couples regarding to the five factors inventory. Methods: The sampling community includes 53 conflicting couples and 53 normal couples form Esfahan city who were selected by available sampling method. The measurement tool is Casta and Mac cery’s Neo five factors inventory (240 questions). For analyzing the data we use Spss 16 and Manova at significant level p < 0.05. Findings: The results of this study show notable differences in conciseness (C) and extroversion (E) and Neuroticism (N), but there is not differences in Agreeableness (A) and O at significant level P < .05. Conclusion: According to this study, it can be concluded that personality specifications such as neuroticism and extroversion and conciseness are effective on confliction between couples.}, Keywords = {Five-Factor NEO-PI-R Inventory, Conflicting Couples}, volume = {19}, Number = {4}, pages = {165-174}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-511-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-511-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Nasiri, Navid and Khalili, Mojtaba and Rahimi, Hassan and Molavi, Hossei}, title = {Investigation of Relationship Between Individual, Climatic, Ecological Factors and Murder in Isfahan}, abstract ={ Background: The goal of this research is investigation of relationship between individual, climatic, ecological factors and murder in Isfahan.  Findings: The statistical universe was all the murderers that were inmates in central prison of Isfahan in 1391. We selected 167 subjects as statistical sample by using simple random sampling. The Method of research was quantitative and it is in descriptive-survey (none experimental) methods. We made a questionnaire to information gathering. We used T-test one-sample, X2 and SPSS software for data analysis.  Findings: The results indicate that there are pnificant differences between these variables: criminal history, mental disorder history, criminal history of family, substance used, race, location, season, region and murder (p=0.000), but there is no pnificant difference between time (day and night) and murder (p=0.37). In other hand, the most of murderers don’t have criminal record, mental disorder history, criminal history of family and substance used They are Persian The most of murder happens in winter, at home and in north of Isfahan city. Conclusion: The study concluded that the climatic and ecological factors more directly related to the incidence of homicide than the personal factors}, Keywords = {Individual Factors, Climatic Factors, Ecological Factors, Murder}, volume = {19}, Number = {4}, pages = {175-183}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-503-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-503-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Ghalkhanbaz, Ahmad and Khazaei, Salman and Afshari, Maryam and Soheylizad, Mokhtar and Farazi, Rez}, title = {Factors Associated With the Repeated Imprisonments Among Prisoners of Tuyserkan in 2012}, abstract ={Background: Research on formation and frequency of crime is necessary because it is the only correct understanding of the underlying factors that can be act to reduce crime. This study examined factors associated with the repeated of imprisonments in prisoners of Tuyserkan city. Methods: The present study is a descriptive – analytical study done over 93 prisoners, in Tuyserkan city in 2012. A random sampling of all prisoners (n= 247) were selected. The data based on a chech list including demographic, behavioral, and the mass was collected. After collecting the data, using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used. Fingings: In total, 65.6% had a history of incarceration. The education levels of 70% of them were less than a cycle and on 64.5% of them were older than 35 years. 79.6% of them were using drugs before imprisonment. In this study, history of prison in their friends (OR =5.2) and substance use (OR =9.5) were involved in re-incarceration. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study location, (city and leased to the expatriate's home), a history of crime in friends, drug abuse before prison, age at first offense with imprisonment of repetition was a significant relationship. So we can do effective procedures to prevent and reduce repeat offenses and released back to prison, the design and implementation of the principles of classification and separation of prisoners and education them, improve prison conditions and to provide effective services to them, accepting inmates that are released by family, friends and social institutions and effective measures to prevent their exclusion.}, Keywords = {Offenses, Imprisonment, Repeated Offenses}, volume = {19}, Number = {4}, pages = {185-192}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-514-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-514-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Vosoogh, Maryam and Forouzesh, Mehdi}, title = {Demographic Study of the Wife Abuse Victims Referred to Zanjan Legal Medicine Center in 2010}, abstract ={Background: One of the cases that clearly can be seen in human societies is risk of violence in the family. It will certainly put the health of society in danger. Methods: This is a cross sectional analytical study. Questionnaire were given to 1121 women that due to wife abuse had referred to forensic medicine of Zanjan province in 2010. The questionnaire were analyzed by K2 and, Binomial tests and statistical year book of the province. Findings: Significant statistical difference at 99% level was between age groups of women, women's education, women's birth rank, women's job, men's education, men's occupation and number of children. Most frequency of differences were due to financial trouble with their wives about 23.2%. In 46.3% of cases the first wife abused was one month after morrtage.81% of women were abuse more than five times, while 65.6% of them had referred once to forensic medicine. Conclusion: It can be helpful to provide the necessary training to youth in schools, higher education institutions and media, get help from Islamic orders, premarital counseling, consultation during marital life for reducing differences, strengthen the spirit of consultation and advice, the introduction of women's participation as much as possible in economic and social activities, efforts to promote gener equality, enactment and enforcement of women's protecting laws, efforts to improve economic and social situation, planning and implementation of economic activity for increase employment opportunities.}, Keywords = {Women, Violence, Wife Abuse.}, volume = {19}, Number = {4}, pages = {193-204}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-510-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-510-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Mohammadkhani, Parvaneh and Khanipour, Hmid and Jafari, Firouzeh and Mobram, Ardeshir}, title = {Predictors of Suicide Attempt in Male Prisoner with Substance Abuse and Dependence: Protective & Risk Factors}, abstract ={Backgrounds: The aim of this study was to investigate risk and protective factors of suicide attempt in male prisoner with substance abuse or dependence. Methods: In a correlational design from Tehran prison population 230 participants were enrolled in study. We assessed participants with Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Brief symptom inventory, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Reasons for Living. Findings: Findings showed that the life time prevalence of suicide attempt was 42%, the main way for suicide attempt was self-poisoning, the life-time prevalence of overdose was 27% and in 15% of participants the main motive in overdose was dying. Group comparisons showed participants with history of suicide attempt have significant differences with non-attempters in terms of coping and survival beliefs, moral objections, social disapproval and trait mindfulness. Logistic regression showed that poly drug substance abuse history, beliefs about coping & survival and family responsibility predict history of suicide attempt. Cunclusion: Suicide attempt was a relatively common problem in male prisoner with substance abuse and dependence. Abusing more than one kind of substance and beliefs related to reasons for living were the main risk and protective factor in suicide attempt in male prisoners with substance abuse and dependence.}, Keywords = {Suicide Attempt, Substance Abuse, Risk Factors, Reasons for Living }, volume = {19}, Number = {4}, pages = {205-214}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-516-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-516-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Ghadipasha, Masood and Salari, Ali and Zarenezhad, Mohammad and Dehghanpour, Narjes Khaton and Gharedaghi, Jaber}, title = {One Year Study of the Member of the Lower Extremities Due to Injury of Traffic Accidents Referred to the Kerman Legal Medicine Center}, abstract ={Background: Lower limb is the most common body region injured in various types of injuries resulting from car accidents and injuries in the second area affected anterior body injured and often cause common injuries in motorcycle accidents following long-term treatment, permanent disability and paying heavy damages. In this study, the defects of lower limbs due to accidents are investigated. Methods: In an analytical study by a convenience sample, all subjects followed traumatic accidents referred to forensic medicine center in Kerman city, were studied which led to the solar year in the lower limb injury. After researching the data necessary examinations and special investigations, made up a questionnaire and data analysis software was SPSS 15. Findings: In this study 18% of the total sample was female and 82% were male. Most people in the age group 20-31 years and 79 % had below diploma education. Tibia shaft and proximal area of tibia were so common frequency in the affected individuals. Most damaged (79%) were in motorcycle and bicycle riding. 50 % of injuries was on right side, left 45% and 5% were caused by both sides. 66% of those defects were between 0 to 5% . Conclusion: Based on the results of this study and the fact that most of the incident location is on the street (70%) and the highest position to pass and bicycle (37%) therefore vehicle speed control and the necessary changes in motorcycle design and use of safety clothing of lower limb fractures and subsequent injury resulting is preventable. Since most of the injured are having education below high school diploma thus, creating access to higher education can be a longs step to decreasing the mentioned defected.}, Keywords = {Accidents, Fractures, Defects, Forensic Medicine, Kerman }, volume = {19}, Number = {4}, pages = {215-220}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-509-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-509-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Karimi, Alireza and Shojaei, Ahmad and Navidbakhsh, Mehdi and Beigzadeh, Borhan and Faghihi, Shahab}, title = {Characterizing the Mechanical Properties of Rat Brain Tissue in Tension}, abstract ={ Background: Characterizing the mechanical properties of brain tissue is deemed important for developing a comprehensive knowledge of the mechanisms underlying brain diseases. Mechanical properties of very soft tissues, such as brain until recently have been attracted the attention of researchers because these tissues do not tolerate mechanical loads. The mechanical properties of brain tissue, however, can change in some disease. Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) is one of the hazardous types of malaria that can alter the brain tissue properties by parasitized red blood cell (PRBC). The most severe and challenging complication of P.falciparum infection is cerebral malaria (CM). CM is a clinically complex syndrome and during the CM, PRBCs sequestered in cerebral microvasculature and cause coma and eventually patient will die of it. Therefore it seems noticeable to investigate on variation of mechanical properties of brain tissue after infection.   Methods: The mixed gray and white matter samples are excised from seven rats which were infected by Plasmodium berghei-ANKA (PbA) strain and two rats as the control group. Then each removed brain tissue is carried out on uniaxial tensile apparatus and the stress-strain diagram for each brain tissue is obtained.   Findings: The results are shown that with increasing the level of parasitemia from 1.5% to 6%, the elastic modulus of brain tissue is increased about 3.44 times. The comparison between the 5.5% and 6% level of parasitemia is indicated 1.87 times increasing in elastic modulus. The comparison between the control group (0%) and 6% of parasitemia is depicted more than 4.07 times increasing in brain tissue stiffness.   Conclusion: It can be concluded that, brain’s rigidity is resulted from stiff PRBCs which were sequestered in brain’s microvasculature. This suggests sequestration of the stiffened and less deformable parasitized red blood cells in the brain microvasculature. }, Keywords = {Malaria, Plasmodium Berghei–ANKA, Brain Tissue, Mechanical Properties, Elastic Modulus}, volume = {19}, Number = {4}, pages = {221-226}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-507-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-507-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Khoshhal, Mohammad and Vafaee, Fariborz and Khoshhal, Masoumeh}, title = {Rules Governing the Liability of Dentists in Iran}, abstract ={Background: In spite of the numerous advancements in diagnosis and treatment of the disease, today, lodging files against dentists is increasing. Population growth, social awareness growth, and growing number of physicians, as well as implementation of lawyers and legal advisers are among the reason for such complains. In this study, we tried to get information to dentists on concept and principals of medical malpractice, new and old Islamic Punishment Law, criticism of these laws and statistics of malpractice in the courts . Methods: Disciplinary penalties or punishments consisted primarily of compensation. Technical and scientific standards in diagnosis and treatment is the most important criterion in the evaluation of dental complaints are referred to courts and law enforcement staff. Conclusion: Increasing knowledge of dentists about medical university and special office law can perform important roles on relationships between dentists and their patients based on legal terms, and has important role in prevention of the medical malpractice.}, Keywords = {Malpractice, Dentistry, Islamic Punishment Law}, volume = {19}, Number = {4}, pages = {227-232}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-515-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-515-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Asadinejad, Mohammad and YadollahiBaghlouee, Abbass and Asadinejad, Maryam}, title = {The Examination of Conflict Between the Surrogacy Agreement and the Provision of Woman Obedience in Iranian Law}, abstract ={Background: Surrogacy is the one method of therapy for infertility that due to of this, the egg of infertile woman with her husband,s spermia fertilized in vitro and for grow the producted embryo transfer to the other woman,s uterus that the name of this woman is surrogate mother. Whether the surrogate mother is married, with conclusion of this agreement and performance the obligations arise of this, she can t administrate her legal task of marriage against her husband. Therefore this question is arise what is the right of the husband of surrogate mother in this manner toward his wife and can he breach the agreement of his wife because the conflict with his right? Findings: From collection of legal provision in civil law and the law to protect family we can say legislator enact tasks for husband and express sanctions for them. Every woman i.e. surrogate mother must enforce her duties against her husband that denominate obedience and whether violate them without reasonable excuse, consist in legal sanction in this ground. Conclusion: surrogate mother with conclusion of surrogacy agreement, violate the administration her task of marriage against her husband that create her responsibility and husband can use the sanctions of obedience e.g. discharge of maintenance against his wife. He also annuls this contract before implant fetus in uterus of his wife.}, Keywords = {Surrogate Mother, Obedience, Wife, Maintenance}, volume = {19}, Number = {4}, pages = {233-238}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-512-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-512-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Hakimizadeh, Elham and BaniasadiPour, Hanieh and Rezazadeh, Hossein and AnsariJaberi, Ali and Mashayekhi, Narges and Ismaili, Marzieh and NejadHassan, Reza and Amin, Fatemeh and Shamsizadeh, Ali and Ayoobi, Fatemeh and Zare, Lida and Tavakoli, Mohammad Allah}, title = {Survey on the Protective Effect of Total Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Artemisia Aucheri on Mercuric Chloride-induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Mice}, abstract ={Background: Heavy metals cause to nephrotoxicity in kidney tissue of human and animals through increased production of oxygen free radicals. Plants Antioxidants are of good choices for protection against the toxicity of these compounds. In the current study, the protective effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Artemisia was assessed on Mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods: In this study 28 male mice were used. Animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (N=7) as: 1 - Control, 2 - Mercuric chloride, 3 - Mercuric chloride with extract of Artemisia and 4 – Extract of Artemisia groups. Mercuric chloride and Artemisia extracts intra-peritoneal were injected with the dose of 1.5 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg for 8 days, respectively. Then, blood samples were prepared and nephrotoxicity was determined by measuring serum urea and creatinine, using spectrophotometry (device SINCO) and specific kit (Pars test). Data were reported as Mean ± SEM via SPSS software. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test was used for data analysis and P <0.05 was considered as a significant difference. Findings: Compared to the Mercuric chloride group, Artemisia extract caused a significant decrease in serum urea and creatinine in the combined Artemisia extract with Mercuric chloride group. Mercuric chloride also caused a significant increase in serum urea and creatinine in the Mercuric chloride group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Our results showed that the extract of Artemisia has protective effects against nephrotoxicity induced by heavy metals such as mercury.}, Keywords = {Artemisia, Nephrotoxicity, Mercury Chloride}, volume = {19}, Number = {2}, pages = {251-256}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-518-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-518-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Soltaninejad, Kambiz and Faryadi, Mansoor}, title = {Evaluation of Structure and Functions of Selected European Forensic Toxicology Laboratories and Comparison with Iranian Forensic Toxicology Laboratories}, abstract ={Background: َA detailed plan for improving of the quality and quantity of Forensic Toxicology Laboratories of Iran required understanding of the structure and function of same accredited laboratories in developed countries in the world. The aim of this study is to investigate that the structure and function of selected forensic toxicology laboratories in Europe and comparison them with Legal Medicine Organization (LMO) of Iran forensic toxicology labs. Method: This is a descriptive study. The selected European forensic toxicology laboratories have been evaluated as a member of the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI). The present study is based on questionnaire for data collection. Data was obtained from selected ENFSI’s Forensic laboratory and then were compared with LMO’s forensic toxicology laboratory. MS-Excel 2007 software was used to plot graphs. Findings: In this study, data from 17 European countries and 18 forensic toxicology laboratory were reviewed. In terms of structure, the most of these laboratories (39%) have been affiliated under the Ministry of Justice, and only 6% of them are independent. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry is the most common equipment used in all laboratories. In all countries, judicial system is as the largest recipient of the specialized services and private centers and hospitals (11.1%), were the least common customers of these laboratories. All these laboratories had ISO17025 certificate or are getting it. Conclusion: According to these results, it seems that the LMO forensic toxicology laboratories have a proper position in comparison with the same ENFSI laboratories based on the structural, technical and specialized equipments. However, practical measures for getting of quality control management system certificates for LMO forensic toxicology laboratories seem necessary.}, Keywords = {Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Structure, Europe, Iran}, volume = {19}, Number = {2}, pages = {257-265}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-519-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-519-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Joghataei, Hojjatolah and Fallahian, Masoumeh and Mohammadi, Vida and Saberi, Seyed Mehdi and Masehi, Farzaneh}, title = {A Survey of Sued Surgeon’s Reactions to Malpractice Litigation}, abstract ={Background: All practicing physicians are vulnerable to medical malpractice claims. Medical malpractice claims have many adverse effects on physicians so called medical malpractice stress syndrome. To describe the reactions of this syndrome on surgeon’s who sued by Legal Medicine Organization Complaints Commissions in I.R of Iran. Methods: cross sectional study of sued physicians in 6month on 175 surgeons, self-reported reactions to malpractice litigation by using an anonymous questionnaire. Findings: from 175 case 81% was male and19% was female with average age of 48/5 years .Study relieved more than 97% of sued physicians acknowledge some physical and/or emotional reaction .Physical responses typically include the onset of a physical illness, such as palpitation or dyspepsia in 69%. Emotional responses are more common and may range from anger to profound depression or other responses such as sleep interference and disorder in concentration in 77%. In addition to the significant personal responses to malpractice litigation, a claim may substantially impact physician's professional and social life in 84%.These physicians are more likely to stop seeing patients who seem to have a greater risk of experiencing a bad outcome or of propensity to initiate a suit. In women after being sued feelings of loss work is common. There was related between Feelings of loneliness or emptiness avoidance of reminders of the loss (patient situations, activities) and loss of interest in work are more common with palpitation in 53%. Conclusions: A complaint or law suit is common in the daily practice of Surgeons, yet in today's medico-legal environment they pose a constant potential threat. The threat of, or actual, legal process can cause psychological, physical and behavioral practice changes that noticeable in I R of Iran.}, Keywords = {Legal Medicine, Malpractice Claim, Surgeon, Medical Health.}, volume = {19}, Number = {2}, pages = {267-274}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-520-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-520-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Monsef, Vahid and Asadi, Payman and MalekiZiabari, Syyede Masoomeh and zohrevandi, behz}, title = {Comparative Study of Drowned Cases Who Had Been Assisted by Relief of Guilan\'s EMS in the First Six Months of 2011-2012}, abstract ={Back ground: Drowning is regarded as a serious danger to health of people in northern provinces specially at summer season and in respect to tourist attraction of Guilan and geographical situation of this province we decided to study and compare the assisted drowning cases by emergency 115 of Guilan in first six months of 89-91. Methods: This is a case-series cross sectional study that 340 reports of drowning helped by emergency 115 of Guilan in the first 6 months of 2011-2012 years were reviewed. For each patisnts a check list including age, sex, site of drowning, patients situation ( hospitalization, managemant in the samelocation or death) and the month of drowning were recorded analyzed by the spss19 software and exam t-test, chi-square. Findings: The results of this study showed that despite 52.5% decrease at the first half of the years in 2010 compare to 2013, this treand has increased in 2011-2012 and there was 112% increase in rate of drowning. Also the number of drowned individuals in the first six month of 2010-2012 was 340 individuals male individuals comprised 68.2% and female individuald comprised 31.8% most of drowning were in the age range of 20 to 24, 25.4% years old. 90.3% of drowned individuals have been outside of swimming borders. In addition, 60.6% of drowned individuals have been hospitalized in hospital and 25.9% of drowning cases were treated in the place by the help of emergency and 13.5% have died. Conclusion: considering the results of this study, it seems that the most possible places to happen a dangerous accident relate to places outside of sea plan (swimming borders) of Guilan that need to more efforts in order to improve and develop the preserved seashores. In addition, presenting information about the dangers of swimming outside of sea plan to people and improvement of relief system can play an important role in prevention of these accidents and their horrible outcomes.}, Keywords = {Drowning, Assist (relief), Emergency medical service}, volume = {19}, Number = {2}, pages = {275-281}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-521-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-521-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Ghadipasha, Masoud and Sardaripour, Mehran and Khoshravesh, Saee}, title = {Comparison of the Preliminary Discordant Schema in Psychopath Men Offenders with Personality Disorder}, abstract ={Background and Aims: This research was done to compare preliminary discordant schema in psychopath men offenders with personality disorder and other offenders hospitalized in Dr Lavasani hospital in 2012_2013 Material and Methods: The type of this research was descriptive-analytic .The sample of this research were two hundred (200) sudjects from the population of all patient with personality disorder hospitalized in psychiatry ward in Dr Lavasani hospital in Tehran. The sampling method was non randomly available. control group is 20 patient with internal diseases hospitalized in general ward of that hospital which they don’t had the background of committing crime and they had no history of psychosis disease and they never use psychiatric drugs. The group from four variables: Age ,marital status , occupation status and the educational status are the same. Data’s of this research were collected with questionnaire of preliminary discordant schema Yung form (short form) analyzed with the usage of independent (T) test for correlated group according to this research Results: the average of number in some component are more high ,This discrepancy is more high in vulnerability to harm or illness ,subordination, defectiveness, shame and dependency in competence, entitlement, grandiosity and elusion schema dimensions rejection and ejectment and impaired anatomy is performed Conclusion: Highlighting this preliminary discordant schema especially in two circuits «ejectment, elusion rejection» and «impaired anatomy» can play an important role in committing crime in people}, Keywords = {Preliminary Discordant Schema, Schema Dimensions, Personality Disorders, Guilty Behavior}, volume = {19}, Number = {2}, pages = {283-289}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-522-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-522-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Hedjazi, Arya and Zamiri, Barbod and Zareanezhad, Mohammad and Salehi, Seyedeh Mina and Gholamzadeh, Saeed and Khademi, Mojtaba and Ghadipasha, Masou}, title = {Compliant about Dentists and Experimental Dentist’s Malpractice Referred to the Fars Province Legal Medicine Organization and Medical Council during 2011-2006}, abstract ={Background: Medicine cannot be practice without accident or complication. Like medicine doctors, dentists practice in a field that despite their attempt to relieve patients' pain, sometimes an accident hurts patient and make unsatisfactory for them. This study assesses dental claims of dentists and experimental technicians in Shiraz. Methods: In this analytic cross- sectional study, we assessed all dental claims documents registered in Islamic Republic of Iran Medical Council and Legal Medicine Organization during 2006- 2011. Data were entered to 17 version of SPSS statistics software and Chi- square test was used in order to analysis of findings. Findings: During these 6 years, 107 dental claim documents had been registered in these 2 organizations which the most of claims were against general dentists who were working in private solo- practice clinics. The most of complaints were related to oral and maxillofacial surgery specialty because of hurting adjacent structures during tooth extraction. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study and other studies in Iran, it seems that we need to educate our dentists more about correct case selection, science, practical skills and correct communication with patient in order to reduction of malpractice and unsatisfactory and complaint against them.}, Keywords = {Dental Malpractice, Legal Medicine Organization, Claims, Shiraz.}, volume = {19}, Number = {2}, pages = {291-299}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-523-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-523-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {kazemzade, Nahid and Shabannejadkhas, Zahra and Bahadouri, Nastr}, title = {Tehran University of Medical Students\' Awareness about Abortion Laws in 2011}, abstract ={Background: Abortion around the world is important. Islamic law as it is important .WHO estimated that one eight of pregnancy death is just because of illegal abortion effect. Lack of education of student of medicine about the abortion regulation and rules can endanger the pregnant mother life and also make some problem for medical communities. Methods: This study is a cross sectional study and all 200 student of medicine of medical science of Tehran university have been evaluated by considering the knowledge level of rules and regulation of abortion. The questionnaire has been used in order to collect all data. After completion, the SPSS software has been used for analyzing data. Findings: Of the 200 patients, 37.5% were male and 62.5% female. Male and female students' knowledge of the differences was significant. Their knowledge of males was higher than females. knowledge of Basic science student was 28% (weak), physiopathology students, was 38% (moderate),stager students was 55% student (on average) and intern students was %48 (on average). The awareness of medical student in different levels of education was statistically significant difference .the knowledge of stager students was greater. Conclusions: According to the study the knowledge of student about abortion laws was moderate. Forensic medicine course should be more effectively integrated into academic courses and retraining programs and workshops will be held to increase knowledge of health staff Undoubtedly reduce forensic problems and also will be improved the health of pregnant women .}, Keywords = {Knowledge, Laws, Abortion, Medical Students }, volume = {19}, Number = {2}, pages = {301-306}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-524-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-524-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Ghodousi, Arash and Mohammadi, Elahe and Ziaeirad, Marzieh}, title = {Nurses Experiences of the Problems Caused by Patient’s Litigation to Law Authorities}, abstract ={Background: Nursing is one of the vulnerable careers in clinical health and nurses face patient’s litigation to law authorities. This study focuses on this litigations and their impact on the nurse’s activities. Methods: The present study is a qualitative research based on phenomenology. Nurses having the experience of confronting with the problems related to patient’s litigation to law authorities entered the study. Sampling was purposeful and continued until information saturation was obtained. An interview was done un-structural and the analysis of the data was according to colizzi method. Finally, the main themes of interviews were extracted. Findings: In this study, eight nurses having the experiences of patient’s litigation were interviewed. The age range of the participants was between 29 to 44 and their job experiences 3 to 22 years. After reviewing the interviews and extracting primary codes, three secondary codes, unwillingness to go to work, obsession at work and early disability at work, were obtained. Finally, the secondary codes formed one main theme, unwillingness to go to work. Conclusion: According to the results obtained from the experience of confrontation with patient’s litigation to law authorities, it was a painful and weakening experience for nurses and had a negative effect on nurse s clinical job. Therefore, inorder to prevent these kinds of job problems, it is recommended to teach the elements causing these problems and the ways to prevent them to the students of nursing and clinical nurses.}, Keywords = {Nurse, Litigation, Job Problems, Experience}, volume = {19}, Number = {2}, pages = {307-312}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-525-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-525-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Azimi, Nasrin and TadayonNajafabadi, Mitra and Ziagham, Sara and Kiani, Mehrz}, title = {Knowledge of students of medical science schools about retributive legal midwifery in field of medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University in 2013}, abstract ={Introduction: Behavior is result of decision and it is based on awareness and attitude .Knowledge or learning cause to stimulation human to learning. Many of mistake in medic are result of lack of awareness about therapy subject that these mistakes cause to physical ,emotional and financial damage to patient and these reduce patient' trust to treatment team and will fallow it cause to pay fine for trespassing. Material & method: This research was a cross sectional-descriptive study and the study's population was all of MS & BS midwifery student and assistant resident of gynecology Ahvaz medical science of university that 90 person of them entered to project by available sampling. Research tool was a bi-partial questionnaire with demographic data and 33 question with quad-answering for determining awareness’s student about subject’s study. Data analyzed by descriptive statistic and SPSS software version (17). Result: The mean age of student was 24.72±4.58 most of them were midwifery student (61.11 percent). The mean score of awareness was 10.83±2.7 (low awareness). Between score of awareness and prediction of student about their awareness was not significant (p=0.168). Between score of awareness and take apart in workshop of project’ subject was significant (p=0.007). Conclusion: It is necessary to evaluation level of awareness' treatment employers for detecting their strength and weakness and determining methods for promoting their awareness for programming promotion awareness level, function and reducing mistakes and medical complains. Midwife and gynecologist are face to many medical complaints so codification common and handling forensic medicine topics are very important.}, Keywords = {knowledge, retributive legal’s midwifery, forensic medicine}, volume = {19}, Number = {2}, pages = {313-319}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-526-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-526-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Mohammadian, Sara and Mohammadrezapour, Babak}, title = {Personality Dossier Necessity in Iran Criminal Process}, abstract ={Character is a set of apparent and non-apparent characteristics of one`s behavior that has more stability and manifestations and somewhat predictable. Traditionally, there are disagreements for determinism and authority, some have the full authority, some were fatalists, and the third group respects to the important role of criminal in penal process by reject the recent theories. Recent theory fans necessarily emphases to study the criminal character beside mading a file called “personality identification dossier”. Personality dossier contains the results of studies and medical tests, psychology, psychiatry, and social studies about convicted and sentenced ones. In Iran’s criminal law, some rules such as Articles of 18, 37, 38, 43, 60, 64, 152, 188, etc, Islamic penal code Act of 1392 and Article of 222 from criminal procedure, implicitly, and Articles of 47 and 64 from prisons executive regulation and the country Security and Educational actions, Act of 2005 in the stage of implementing prison sentence, explicitly, addressed to mading personality identification dossier. Field studies conducted in prisons and rehabilitation centers in the country, as evidence that scientifically – practically not making such a document. Different factors impede the proper exercise of judicial decisions and legal establishment in Iran that generally could pointed as Legal, judicial and obstacles barriers. The only way to overcome these impediments is collaborative effort by the three branches (include legislative, executive, and judicial).}, Keywords = {Personality Traits‌‌, Personality Dossier, Criminal Punishments, Criminal Process, Modification and Treatment, Rehabilitation}, volume = {19}, Number = {2}, pages = {321-330}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-527-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-527-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2013} }