@article{ author = {Atasheneh, Karim and Hosseini, Farzad and Jamshidi, Farkhondeh}, title = {Estimation of Height Based on Hand Dimensions and Handprint}, abstract ={Introduction: Recognizing the identity of people based on determining their height is very important, especially in cases where it becomes very difficult to recognize the identity in certain circumstances. In this study, anthropological criteria were used to determine the height of people in the adult population. Methods: In this study, which was conducted as an analytical and cross-sectional study, a number of 98 healthy adult corpses between the ages of 18 and 40 years in Ahvaz city were examined in 2019. The required findings were recorded by a forensic expert. The most important of these findings included the length and width of hands and height of people, and the mean ± standard deviation was included as the measurement range in the population. Also, the relationship between the recorded values ​​was analyzed with the help of statistical tests in SPSS software version 25. Results: Most of the subjects were male (73.5%) and were in the age range of 31 to 40 years (with an average age of 29.31 and a standard deviation of 6.69 years). Based on the findings obtained from the study, it was found that there is a positive and significant correlation between hand length and hand width of people (P>0.05; r>0.7>0.4). Also, after estimating a significant model, the obtained regression equation for predicting people's height was obtained. The range of the standard error of prediction was in the range of 0.719 to 2.007 cm with an average of 1.17 and a standard deviation of 0.343. Conclusion: Hand dimension criteria (hand length and width) can be used to estimate people's height. The reported regression equation can be used to estimate the height of people based on the above criteria in the field of forensic anthropometry.}, Keywords = {Anthropometry, Hand length, Hand width, Height determination}, volume = {28}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1272-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1272-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Fatovvat, Akram and RahimiAhmadabadi, Somayeh and Attaran, Hamid and Fotovvat, Mohamm}, title = {Evaluation of Social Health of Gender Reassignment Applicants with Gender Identity Disorder before Gender Reassignment Surgery in Comparison with Transgender and Normal Individuals}, abstract ={Introduction: Social health is one of the most basic health indicators of any society, which is affected by the issues that people face, including those applying for gender change. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the social health of people applying for gender reassignment in comparison with transsexuals and normal people. Methods: This comparative causal study was a cross-section research employing the Keyes standardized questionnaire. The research population was conducted in three groups of gender change applicants who referred to the forensic medicine of Mashhad, who were confirmed to have gender identity disorder during 2017, and according to that two groups of gender change and normal people were included in the study. The research data were compared using ANOVA test and Spearman and ETA tests were utilized for the correlation of non-parametric variables. Results: In the general dimension of social health, no significant difference was observed between the three studied groups (P>0.05), in the two dimensions of social affinity and cohesion, there was a significant difference between the three groups of gender reassignment applicants before the operation, the gender reassigned group, and normal individuals so that in the aspect  of cohesion, the mean of transgendered people is significantly higher than normal people (P=0.03) and also in the facet  of correlation, the mean of people with gender dysphoria before surgery is significantly less than that of normal people. (P=0.03). Meanwhile, a moderate relationship was found between the level of education and that of social health of people (r=0.55). Conclusion: Before the operation, people suffering from sexual boredom are less interested in their social life and the world around them compared to that of normal people, which is caused by their despair and hopelessness in accepting their desired social identity. It is therefore necessary to identify and treat these people before entering the field of social life.}, Keywords = {Transgender, Social health, Gender identity disorder}, volume = {28}, Number = {1}, pages = {8-16}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1339-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1339-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {RazmaraiIranagh, Somayeh and Kazemi, Sana and Nejadrahim, Rahim and RajaeiSalmasi, Mehdi and Hosseinzadeh, Pouy}, title = {Demographic and epidemiological features of patients admitted due to poisoning in hospitals of Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Introduction: Every year, millions of people are poisoned by various substances. The causes of poisoning could be the reduction of prevention rate of unwanted and accidental poisonings. Identifying the demographic and epidemiological characteristics of patients most exposed to the causes of poisoning can also reduce the costs as well as mortality cases of poisoning. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a descriptive-analytical approach performed on 213 poisoning patients who were hospitalized in the second half of 2021 in the hospitals of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Demographic and epidemiological information was collected through questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS Version 23 statistic software. Results: Out of 213 patients, 54% and 64% were males and females, respectively. Intentional poisoning, 143 (67.1%), and accidental poisoning 68 (31.9%) were recorded. The most important cause of poisoning includes toxic mushrooms (44.4%), Acetaminophen tablets (33.3%), tramadol (27.1%), methadone (17.8%), and detergents (13.2%). The most important symptoms included drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, physical dependence, tolerance as well as respiratory depression. Conclusion: Public education about nutritional culture, drug and drug use, strictness of drug prescribing rules can reduce the cases of poisoning and the duration of exposure to these toxins and reduce the temporary and permanent side effects.}, Keywords = {Poisoning, Epidemiology, Demographics, Hospitalization}, volume = {28}, Number = {1}, pages = {17-26}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1321-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1321-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Honarvar, Zohreh and Doustkam, Mohsen and Toozandehjani, Has}, title = {The Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Distress Tolerance and Burnout in Mashhad Forensic Staff, Iran}, abstract ={Introduction: Having a healthy and efficient human resources is one of the requirements for the development of any organization. This study aims to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence on meta-emotional dimensions, stress tolerance, and burnout of forensic staff. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and follow-up test with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all forensic staff in Mashhad. The statistical sample of this study including 30 employees by available were selected via sampling method and after initial evaluation were randomly replaced in two groups (15 people). The experimental group received metacognitive training and the control group was placed on a waiting list. Metacognitive training of Adrian Wells protocol (2015) was performed in 8 sessions of 90 min. Metacognition and Behavior and Monte Aha positive metacognition questionnaires, Simmons and Kaher (2005) distress tolerance questionnaire and Mezlach burnout were used to collect the data. For data collection, SPSS 22 software and repeated measures analysis of variance were utilized. Results: The findings showed that metacognitive training can be effective on the domain of happiness, stress tolerance, and burnout (P<0.05). Conclusion: Findings indicate that metacognitive intervention has been associated with the increased distress tolerance and meta-emotional dimensions and reduced burnout. Given that the most essential ability relevant to emotional intelligence is the awareness of people of their emotions and meta-emotions and the metacognitive training increases this awareness, metacognitive intervention can help improve people's performance.}, Keywords = {Emotional intelligence, Burnout, Metacognitive, Forensic medicine}, volume = {28}, Number = {1}, pages = {27-34}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1312-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1312-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Amiri, Sohrab and Bassami, Masou}, title = {Investigating the attitude of army personnel towards the causes of soldiers\' suicide (Case study of the western camp)}, abstract ={Introduction: Suicide is the third most common cause of death among young people and adolescents. Soldiers are among the young people at risk of suicide. It is therefore necessary to investigate the cause of soldiers' suicide. This study aimed to determine the causes of suicide of army soldiers in the western camp. Methods: Research data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software, the reliability of which was reported to be 0.75 with Cronbach's alpha for factors affecting suicide and soldiers. The statistical population of this research includes the commanders of military units, inspection of military units, political ideology and information security as well as judicial branches of one of the military units of the western camp. The sample size includes 100 people who have been selected by available sampling method. Results: The findings of this study indicate that there is a relationship between soldiers' suicide (in order of priority) with family breakdown, parental addiction, poor economic status, quality of housing and food, and the amount of leave. Conclusion: Paying attention to the quality of housing and food for soldiers, better planning for leave, identifying soldiers with broken families and addicted parents, and paying more attention to the economic situation of soldiers can be effective in preventing them to commit suicide.}, Keywords = {Suicide, Soldiers, Army}, volume = {28}, Number = {1}, pages = {35-42}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1310-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1310-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Golmohamadian, Mohsen and Roghanchi, Mahmoud and Kheftan, Parvaneh and Rostami, Yeganeh and Masoudipour, Elham}, title = {Exploring Physical and Psychological Consequences of Child Abuse in Kermanshah Province: A Qualitative Study}, abstract ={Introduction: Child abuse is one of the most common psychological and social problems. One of the most important aspects of child abuse is its effects and consequences. Child abuse can have many detrimental effects on the children, parents and society as a whole. This study intends to investigate the physical and psychological consequences of child abuse in Kermanshah province. Methods: This research was conducted using a qualitative method and content analysis approach. The statistical population of the study included all abused children and experts intervening in the phenomenon of child abuse in Kermanshah province in 2021. The sampling method was purposive with theoretical saturation criteria. In this study, ten abused children or their families and 16 experts active in the field of child abuse were interviewed in the semi-structured way. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis method and categorization and coding were performed several times. Results: After analyzing the data obtained from interviews with experts and children, symptoms  such as "skin bruising, night sickness, bone fracture, fracture, stuttering, experience of persistent sore throat and bruising" were classified under the consequences  physical child abuse and the symptoms  such as "feeling miserable, low self-esteem, sense of victimhood, escaping from the crowd, being pessimistic about those around you, experiencing guilt, feelings of vengeance against the abuser, nervous tics, lack of concentration, thoughts and intention to commit suicide, parental hatred, future sense of destruction and persistent curse and profanity of abusers" have been classified into the category of consequences of child psychological abuse. Conclusion: The findings showed that the phenomenon of child abuse is increasing in our society which is associated with many consequences. Hence to reduce these consequences, society needs comprehensive and coordinated planning from the government for appropriate changes in family, social, legal and administrative structures.}, Keywords = {Child abuse, Physical consequences, Psychological consequences}, volume = {28}, Number = {1}, pages = {43-50}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1298-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1298-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {AshrafiEsfahani, Shayesteh and Ghadipasha, Masoud and Salahshour, Babak and Mahboubi, Melik}, title = {Examining the Delay of Proceedings in Cases of Medical Malpractice}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Prolonged judicial proceedings, Medical malpractice, Forensic Medicine Commission}, volume = {28}, Number = {1}, pages = {51-53}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1328-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1328-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Zargarian, Tah}, title = {Re_evaluation of the regularities based on the proposition of "life risk for the mother"; from removing the contrast to the negation of the desuetude (the suggestion of the clause a. Of article 56 of the family protection law)}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Pregnant mother, Medical abortion, Family support}, volume = {28}, Number = {1}, pages = {54-55}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1330-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1330-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Mokhtarzadeh, Leila and Kazemi, Hadi and EmamJome, Farh}, title = {Assessing and Explaining the Prevalence of Child Abuse and Its Criminalization in Isfahan, Iran}, abstract ={Introduction: Child abuse by parents or others is a social and health problem that can cause serious harm to children and even give rise to their death. This social phenomenon is therefore considered a crime today. In most cases, child abuse is a sign of family disorder, and by understanding the factors involved in such event, the appropriate action can be taken against it. To this end, in the present study, the prevalence of child abuse cases and its criminalization in Isfahan has been evaluated and detected. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the recorded data of 30 abused children over the years 2015 and 2016 was collected from centers such as Isfahan Forensic Medicine Organization, courts and lawyers’ offices in the city. Results: The results of this study showed that child abuse has increased in Isfahan during these two years by 0.005%. Out of 30 registered abused children, 11 (36.7%) were girls with the mean age of 7±1.83 years and 19 (63.3%) were boys with the mean age of 7.79± 2.12 years. The highest frequency of child abuse cases with 14 (46.7%) was pertinent to the type of physical abuse, followed by sexual abuse with 11 (36.7%) and no case of child criminal exploitation was found. The abuser was mostly familiar with the abused one 11 (36.7%). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, although the prevalence of child abuse cases was very low, most of them were physical and sexual, and boys have been reported more than girls. This phenomenon has been more prevalent in low-income families with lower levels of education, and the abuser has often not been a first-degree relative. Therefore, it seems that informing families about children’s rights can prevent the spread of this social problem as much as possible.}, Keywords = {,کودک‌آزاری,پزشکی قانونی,جرم انگاری}, volume = {28}, Number = {2}, pages = {56-63}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1344-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1344-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Salimi, Rasoul and Mahmudi, Leily and Vaseie, Mohammad and Moradi, Abbas and Geraie, Ami}, title = {A Survey on the Causes of Complaints Made by Dissatisfaction of Patients Visiting the Emergency Department of Be’sat Hospital in Hamedan, Iran}, abstract ={Introduction: The emergency department is one of the most important departments of any hospital, where patients or their companions may not be satisfied with the services provided due to various reasons. This study aims to investigate the causes of the complaints of patients visiting the emergency department at Be’sat Hospital in Hamedan, Iran in 2018-2019. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all the complaints made over the years 2018 and 2019 from the emergency department of Ba’ath Hospital in Hamedan, Iran were investigated. Demographic information, causes of complaint, sources of complaint, results of complaints and the complaint section were collected. Results: One hundred and seventy complaints were filed in two years. One hundred and nineteen cases (68.4%) were filed by the patient’s companions. Half of the patients who complained had university education. The postponement in the visit and assignment of the patient by the doctor, inappropriate treatment of the treatment staff, medical malpractice and wrong diagnosis were the most important reasons for the client complaints. In 45% of the cases, the patient or the patient’s companion was right. Meanwhile, 39.1% of patients had no convincing reason to complain and 15.5% of their complaints were unsuccessful. A significant relationship was observed between the outcome of the complaint and education. Most of the registered complaints that were right with the patient were relevant to people with university education (P=0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that postponement in the visit and assignment of the patient by the doctor, inappropriate treatment of the emergency personnel with the patient, medical malpractice, and wrong diagnosis are the most important causes of client complaints. Almost in half of the cases, the patient was right, which had a significant relationship with the level of education of the patients.}, Keywords = {Emergency department, Complaints, Patient satisfaction}, volume = {28}, Number = {2}, pages = {64-70}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1354-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1354-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Ameri, Zeynab and Enayatrad, Mostafa and Feyzmanesh, Arghav}, title = {Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Positive Cognitive-Behavioral Counseling on Domestic Violence}, abstract ={Introduction: Domestic violence is an aggressive behavior, including different dimensions of physical, psychological, harmful, economic, and sexual health and is considered to be a health priority owing to its significant side effects on women. This study aims to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral group counseling with a positive approach on domestic violence and quality of life in order to identify and control the negative thoughts of violent women. Methods: The present study is a three-blind randomized controlled trial study conducted on women in 2017 who experienced violence referring to health and treatment centers in Shahrud city, Iran. In order to collect information, the conflict resolution tactics questionnaire (to measure the experience and acts of violence) and the quality of life questionnaire were employed in the intervention and control groups. The intervention group underwent eight sessions of positive behavioral cognitive training and the control group received eight sessions of women's health training. The level of experience and the acts of violence in two groups were evaluated in the intervals before, immediately, three and six months after the intervention. To analyze the data, independent t-analysis and repeated measurement were utilized. Results: The average total score of violence before counseling in the intervention group declined from 145.9 to 14.3 after the intervention (P=0.001), and in the control group it decreased from 102.5 to 45 in the control group (P=0.001). This difference was observed in all subscales of violence. Meanwhile, a significant increase in quality of life scores was observed after the intervention compared to the control group. Conclusion: Positive behavioral cognitive training would be influential in decreasing violence, as well as improving mental health level and quality of women’s life subjected to violence and it can enhance their quality of life.}, Keywords = {Domestic violence, Battered women, Quality of life}, volume = {28}, Number = {2}, pages = {71-82}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1340-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1340-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {JaliliFard, Sajad and Abyaz, Mohammad Reza and Asadmasjedi, Nooshi}, title = {Epidemiological Study of Various Poisonings in Patients Referred to Dezful General Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran}, abstract ={Introduction: Over the recent years, considering the prevalence of poisonings and the costs imposed on the country’s health system and the risk of death for those exposed, the researchers decided to perform a study with the aim of epidemiologically investigating the types of poisonings in patients referred to Dezful Hospital from 2017 to 2019. Methods: This retrospective descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 896 patients referred to Dezful General Hospital between 2017 and 2019 due to poisoning. Study data were extracted from patients’ medical records and documents, which were extracted from patients’ records based on a pre-designed checklist. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS Version 24 statistic software. Results: Fifty-three point seven percent of people (481 people) were male and the rest were female. The results showed a significant relationship between gender and poisoning and this probability was higher in men. The highest percentage of intentional poisonings (55.6%), in the summer season (35.3%), singles (51.7%), age group 21 to 35 years (40.6%) and city dwellers (4.4%) were 80%). Conclusion: Public education about animal bites, drugs abuse, medications and side effects can help save lives and diminish the amount of poisoning hospital admission.}, Keywords = {Poisoning, Epidemiology, Hospital}, volume = {28}, Number = {2}, pages = {83-91}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1345-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1345-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Fotovat, Akran and Zohoorparvandeh, Vajiheh and Fotovat, Azam and Khosravian, Navi}, title = {Investigating the Effectiveness of In-Service Training Courses on Employee Efficiency of Khorasan Razavi Forensic Medicine Office by Considering the Mediating Variable of Leadership Styles}, abstract ={Introduction: This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training courses on the efficiency of forensic medical staff in Khorasan Razavi, taking into account the mediating role of leadership styles. Methods: This descriptive and analytical study was conducted on the statistical population of Khorasan Razavi forensic medical staff with a sample size of 111 people utilizing three standard questionnaires of Arab educational effectiveness, Hajizadeh staff efficiency and Likert leadership styles. The collected data were analyzed employing correlation tests, simple regression, and structural equations with the help of SPSS version 21 and Smart PLS software. Results: The results of the study indicated that educational effectiveness (P=0.00 and β=0.591) and leadership styles are effective on employee efficiency (P=0.00 and β=0.595) ;leadership styles have a mediating role on the relationship between educational effectiveness and employee efficiency (1.96 Conclusion: One third of the effect of training courses on the efficiency of employees is influenced by the variable of leadership styles. It is therefore necessary to include the training of managers in training programs in order to adopt more effective styles to enhance the efficiency and productivity of employees.}, Keywords = {Educational effectiveness, Employee efficiency, Leadership styles}, volume = {28}, Number = {2}, pages = {92-103}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1352-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1352-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Ashrafi-Esfahani, Shayesteh and Ghadipasha, Masoud and Nazparvar, Bashir and DadashzadehAsl, Nahid and Sapour, Shiri}, title = {Different Types of Mental Disorders in Egg Donors}, abstract ={Introduction: Since the background mental disorders may be transmitted to siblings, infertile couples are usally worried about inheritance of bad mental situations form donors to the child. This study was performed to determine the different kinds of mental disorders in female egg donors. Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 100 Egg donors  were enrolled in hospitals in Tehran over the years 2017 and 2018 and different types of mental disorders in them were determined by SCL questionnaire. Results: In this study, 91 subjects were analyzed that among them 39% had mental disorders. The type of disorder was hypochondriasis, psychosis, hypomania, depression, OCD, anxiety, and personality disorder in 11%, 9%, 9%, 17%, 11%, 20%, and 23%, respectively. Psychological disorder and its type had no significant relationship with age and underlying diseases in people (P>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, psychological disorders are observed in more than one third of egg donors mainly, including depression, l personality and anxiety disorder.}, Keywords = {Mental disorder, Egg donor, Infertility}, volume = {28}, Number = {2}, pages = {104-108}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1320-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1320-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Vaseie, Mohammad and Amini, Maryam and Nikkhah, Vahid and Borna, Hajieh}, title = {Exploring the Frequency and Relationship of Underlying Diseases in COVID-19 Patients with the Prognosis of Patients During Hospitalization From February 2020 to September 2021}, abstract ={Introduction: Corona virus is a single-stranded RNA virus that has affected places with high population density. Middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic diseases seem to be at risk of respiratory failure and may have a poorer prognosis. In order to diminish the mortality caused by this disease and determine the impact of underlying factors on the consequences of patients, we decided to investigate the frequency of underlying diseases and its relationship with the prognosis of patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on COVID-19 patients between of February 2020 to September 2021 at Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital. After data collection, underlying diseases and their effect on prognosis during hospitalization of patients were studied and descriptive as well as analytical statistics were extracted. Results: In this study, 158 cases were examined. Most of the underlying diseases in the patients were hypertension and diabetes. Eighty point four percent of patients had at least one underlying disease. In the meantime, was a significant relationship between oxygen saturation level and deterioration criteria (P<0.05). Meanwhile, a significant relationship was observed between the age of patients with the need for mechanical ventilation and mortality (P<0.05). Kidney diseases, diabetes and high blood pressure as well as the presence and number of underlying diseases with poor prognosis the need for mechanical ventilation and also death had a significant relationship (P<0.05). Conclusion: A high percentage of people with COVID-19 are elderly and have underlying diseases, some of which are associated with bad prognosis and high mortality. Multiple underlying diseases are also a predisposing factor for worse prognosis and high mortality. To this end, the care and treatment of these people is very important.}, Keywords = {COVID-19, Comorbidity, Body mass index, Mechanical ventilation}, volume = {28}, Number = {2}, pages = {109-118}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1357-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1357-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Sadeghpuor, Mohammadjafar}, title = {A Reflection on the Heterogeneity of the Definition of Haraj in the Relevant Laws (The Subject of Article 1130 of the Civil Code and Article 56 of the Family Protection Law)}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {28}, Number = {2}, pages = {119-120}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1347-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1347-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Zarenezhad, Mohammad and Doroudchi, Alireza and Malekpour, Abdorrasoul and Hosseininezhad, Homayoun and Khoshnood, Reza and Valiei, Maryam}, title = {Evaluation of the Utility of Research Autopsy in Oncology}, abstract ={An autopsy is a post-mortem medical procedure performed on a deceased person with the primary purpose of collecting tissue to support basic research and knowledge translation. This method is increasingly used to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of cancer development, metastasis, and treatment resistance. In this review article, we discuss the reason for using research autopsy in cancer research and provide evidence-based discussion of the quality of postmortem tissues compared to other types of biological samples. It also discusses the advantages of using postmortem tissues over other types of biological samples, including the large amount of tissue available and the multi-area sampling that is available, which is not possible in living patients. An autopsy helps identify the clonal origin and ways in which metastases spread. Also, the study of the effect of treatments on the tumor and the creation of rare and tumor-derived tissue banks in the patient is an integral part of forensic strategies and research autopsy.}, Keywords = {Forensic medicine, Cancer, Research autopsy}, volume = {28}, Number = {3}, pages = {121-135}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1384-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1384-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Safaeian, Alireza and Teimouri, Behfar and KavianiMoghaddam, Pardis}, title = {Investigation of Occupational Injuries in Clients Referred to the Occupational Compensation Commission of Isfahan Forensic Medicine During the Years 2017 to 2022}, abstract ={Introduction: In any country, the prevention and management of occupational injuries lead to the improvement of the health of the workers of that society. Recognizing occupational injuries is of special importance to achieve the above goal. In this regard, the present study was conducted to determine occupational injuries in the referrals to the Forensic Medical Occupational Compensation Commission of Isfahan during the years 2017 to 2022. Methods: This descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted in 1400 on all those who referred to forensic medicine with occupational compensation complaints. The sample size based on the number of patient visits in the last 5 years was equal to 120 people who were included in the study by the census. Data were collected by checklist and analyzed in SPSS version 22 software at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: 115 people (95.8%) were male, 48 people (40%) were between 40 and 50 years old, 93 people (77.5%) were married, and 58 people (48.3%)had a diploma. Most injuries were related to skeletal injuries in 66 (55%)of the patients. The work experience of 58 people (48.3%) was less than 10years, 27 people (22.5%) were from other industries and 119 people (99.2%)were from service jobs. The employment status of 88 people (73.3%) was contractual. There was a significant relationship between the organ involved and work history (P<0.05). Conclusion: Considering that most injuries are related to musculoskeletal disorders, necessary measures, correct policies, appropriate training and protective equipment should be provided to reduce these injuries.}, Keywords = {Occupational injuries, Occupational compensation, Accidents}, volume = {28}, Number = {3}, pages = {136-143}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1359-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1359-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Parsanezhad, Ali and Vaseie, Mohammad and Amini, Maryam and Azimi, Ghasem}, title = {Evaluation of Long Term Symptoms of COVID-19 in Patients of Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in the Second Six Months of 2021}, abstract ={Introduction: After four years of the COVID-19 disease outbreak, despite the recovery of many patients, a significant number of them are still suffering from it and its complications. In this regard, many patients are struggling with its long-term effects and cannot return to normal life. These patients experience a wide range of life-disrupting disorders, which considers the importance of examining long-term symptoms and paying special attention to these patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 1400 for three months on 280 COVID-19 patients of Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Those whose disease was confirmed by laboratory testing (RT-PCR positive). these patients were under observation from the onset time of infection until the end of quarantine. Long-term symptoms among discharged patients were collected and compared using a questionnaire containing demographic information and patients' statements. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 21 software and the results were reported. Results: 45.7% of patients had at least one long-term symptom and 54.3% had more than one long-term symptom. The symptom of fatigue had the highest frequency (64.4%) and the lowest frequency belonged to diarrhea with 2.7%. Significantly (P<0.050), long-term symptoms were seen in women more than men, in old people more than young people, and in obese people more than thin people. The severity of the disease was directly related to the frequency of symptoms. Conclusion: In general, it can be said that there are long complications in all patients. Since among demographic indicators, "obesity", "severity of illness" and "hospitalization" have been the most important factors in increasing the frequency of long-term symptoms, paying attention to these factors and considering possible solutions to prevent can lead to improving the quality of patient’s life and reduces the duration of long-term complications.}, Keywords = {Clinical manifestations, COVID-19, Hospitalization}, volume = {28}, Number = {3}, pages = {144-152}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1391-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1391-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Bakhtiyari, Amin and Salimzadeh, Jamal and AlizadehMohajer, Mehdi and Bakhtiyari, Hanieh and Veisani, Yousef}, title = {Epidemiological Study of Factitious Injuries in Traffic Accidents in Ilam City, Iran}, abstract ={Introduction: In some cases, people claim to use insurance compensation services by causing factitious injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of factitious injuries in traffic accidents in Ilam legal medicine cases, Ilam, Iran. Methods: The data of this cross-sectional study was collected by census method from 100 cases of factitious injuries detected in traffic accidents that were diagnosed by forensic experts of Ilam city, Iran from the beginning of March 2018 to the end of February 2020. data included age, sex, education, occupation, marriage, accommodation, type of accident, location of the injured in the accident, place of the accident, time of the accident, date of the accident, location and type of injuries. binomial and Chi-square statistical tests were used to assess the significance of the research hypotheses. Results: In this study, 81% of the cases were men. 68% of people were 21 to 40 years old, 82% had no university education, 53% were self-employed and 75% were urban dwellers. 43% of accidents were overturned or deviated, and 39% occurred on interurban roads. 43% of people with a passenger position were present in the accident. 50% of accidents occurred in the night and early morning hours. 60% of the injuries were accidental and 71% of the people had real injuries in addition to factitious injuries. Conclusion: According to this study, the age group of 21-40 years old, without university education, urbanization, rollover or road deviation type accidents and on intercity roads at night and early morning are the risk factors of creating factitious injuries. Injuries of the Harseh type and in the form of a mix with real injuries are also a risk factor of factitious injuries. Due to the lack of significant relationship between the place of injury, all parts of the body can be the place of factitious injuries.}, Keywords = {Accidents, Traffic, Factitious injuries, Legal medicine}, volume = {28}, Number = {3}, pages = {153-159}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1371-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1371-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Emrani, Reza and Hajihassani, Neda and Kazemifar, Amirmohammad and Sefidi, Fatemeh and Azimi, Soroush}, title = {Evaluation of Awareness and Practice in Dentists in Qazvin City Regarding the Legal Issues Related to the Dental Profession}, abstract ={Introduction: Many of the legal problems that dentists face is rooted in a lack of knowledge about dental professional law. Sometimes it has led to legal cases. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and practice of dentists of legal issues related to dentistry field. Methods: By using a researcher-made 24-item questionnaire that was standardized with experts and obtaining information from the Qazvin Medical Council Organization, Iran, we refferd to all centers and dental offices in Qazvin and if it was not possible, we used an electronic questionnaire. Data of 181 dentists were recorded and the results were analyzed at a significance level of 0.05, analysis was done by SPSS version 24. Results: The mean age of dentists was 33±4 years and the mean work experience of dentists was 5.5±2. The average score of all dentists in the field of medical law was 10.5 out of twenty points and their average knowledge score was 11.5 and the performance score was 9.5 out of a maximum score of twenty. The degree of dentists had a significant relationship with the level of knowledge and practice (P=0.001). The age of the dentist was not related to the level of knowledge and practice (P=0.085). The gender of dentists was not significantly related to the mean scores (P=0.071). The general dentist's work experience had a significant relationship with the level of knowledge and dentists with a longer history scored higher. (P=0.044) Conclusion: The level of knowledge of dentists about legal issues is lower than the average score, and it seems that due to the importance of this field, we need appropriate retraining courses and revising of related courses in the general dentistry course.}, Keywords = {Medical law, Dentistry, Medical malpractice}, volume = {28}, Number = {3}, pages = {160-167}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1349-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1349-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Masoudzadeh, Abbas and Banihashemi, Mahboobeh Sadat and Farnia, Samaneh and Moosazadeh, Mahmoo}, title = {Evaluation of Child Abuse and Mental Health Status in Children of Patients Admitted to Psychiatric Wards}, abstract ={Introduction: Child abuse refers is a wide range of destructive behaviors include not meeting emotional needs, physical punishment, sexual abuse, malnutrition, and neglect of child health. The aim of this study was to determine the status of child abuse and mental health in children of psychiatric patients. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study investigates child abuse in the children of patients with psychiatric disorders admitted to Zare Hospital in Sari, Iran in 2020. The questionnaires used in the study were SDQ and the CASRS. All data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 25. Significance level is considered P<0.05. Results: Patient’s age were 22-61 with mean and SD of 34±6.7 years and children were 12.1±2.6 years. 182(51.9%) children were girls and 169 (48.1%) were boys. The highest frequency of psychiatric disorder in patients was mood disorder 144 (41%), and schizophrenia 127 (36.2%). According to the CASRS scale, the mean and standard deviation of the subscales were 7.0±5.4 for physical abuse, 0.4±0.9 for sexual abuse, 8.5±2.1 for emotional absuse, and 8.8±5.0 for neglect. The scores of the SDQ of a healthy parent and the child themselves had a mean and standard deviation of 15.4±5.8 and 15.8±5.4, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the incidence of child abuse in the children of patients with psychiatric problems is high and this group needs social support as a shield and protective factor against the negative consequences of abuse that can prevent violence cycle and the occurrence of psychological disorders to victims.}, Keywords = {Child abuse, Mental disorders, Child}, volume = {28}, Number = {3}, pages = {168-177}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1380-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1380-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Jamshidi, Farkhondeh and Dehghani, Ehsan and Zarea, Kourosh and BavarsadShahri, Reza and Rostami, Maryam}, title = {Evaluation of 5-Year Epidemiological Prevalence of Stroke cases in Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran from 2015 to 2019}, abstract ={Introduction: Stroke is the third most common cause of death in developed countries and the most common neurologically debilitating disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the 5-year epidemiological prevalence of stroke cases in Ahvaz, Iran. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the files of patients admitted to the neurology ward of Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran who were diagnosed with stroke based on clinical symptoms and CT scan during the years 2015-2019 were reviewed. Relevant data were analyzed by SPSS software and statistical tests. Results: The mean age of patients was 66.58±14.31 years and 55.2% were male. 22.9% of patients were smoker, 4.4% consumed alcohol and 10.9% consumed opioids. Also, 95.1% of patients lacked regular physical activity. In terms of comorbidities, 68% of patients had hypertension, 42.4% had diabetes, 19% had dyslipidemia and 8.1% had autoimmune diseases. In addition, 26.3% of patients had a previous history of stroke, 34.1% had a history of heart attack and 43.5% of patients had a family history of stroke. Re-stroke was significantly associated with family history of stroke (P<0.05) but was not significantly associated with gender and age. Conclusion: In patients with stroke, low physical activity, high blood pressure and diabetes were high, which shows the importance of attention and correction of these risk factors to prevent stroke.}, Keywords = {Epidemiology, Risk factors, Stroke}, volume = {28}, Number = {3}, pages = {178-185}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1365-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1365-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Haj-Manouchehri, Reza and Tabesh, Azar and Khademi, Ali}, title = {Epidemiological Study of Mortality from Methadone Abuse in Cadavers Referred to Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, abstract ={Introduction: Despite the increase in the death rate due to methadone abuse, this drug is still used in most drug rehabilitation center as a maintenance drug to treatment drug addiction. This study is the epidemiological investigation of deaths caused by methadone abuse, so that by analyzing and planning needed the death rate and costs caused will be reduced. Methods This research is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study on 5,901 deaths caused by methadone use in 2020 and 2021, which were referred to the Legal Medicine Organization. The demographic and epidemiological information of these people was collected using a checklist and analyzed with SPSS version 19 software. Results: The results show that deaths caused by abuse of methadone increased 8.7 percent in 2021 compared to the previous year. On the other hand, the highest mortality rate is related to middle-aged men, unmarried, with low education and no stable job, in the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad. Conclusion: Increasing the awareness of patients treated with methadone maintenance, especially the high-risk groups, about the high probability of death if this drug is used more than the allowed amount or taken simultaneously with other compounds is too important.}, Keywords = {Methadone, Abuse, Epidemiology}, volume = {28}, Number = {3}, pages = {186-194}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1389-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1389-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Zarenezhad, Mohammad and Doroudchi, Alireza and Malekpour, Abdorrasoul and Hosseininezhad, Homayoun and Ramazannezhad, Pantea and Khoshnood, Reza and Valiei, Maryam and Doroudchi, Mah}, title = {Review Study of the Application of Proteomics in Forensic Medicine}, abstract ={Protein is a major component of all biological evidence, often a matrix containing other biomolecules such as polynucleotides, lipids, carbohydrates, and small molecules. The proteins present in a sample reflect the transcriptional and translational program of the cell types of origin. For this reason, proteins can be used to identify body fluids and tissues, as well as to transmit genetic information in the form of single amino acid polymorphisms and the result of non-synonymous SNPs. This study examines the application and potential of proteomics in forensic medicine and examines the historical role that protein analysis has played in the development of forensic science. This review highlights how innovations in proteomic mass spectrometry have overcome many of the historical limitations of forensic protein science and how the application of forensic proteomics differs from proteomics in the life sciences. Two developing applications of forensic proteomics are reviewed in detail: body fluid and tissue identification and proteomics genotyping. This review then highlights emerging areas of proteomics that have the potential to impact forensic medicine in the near future, including fingerprint analysis, species identification, peptide toxicology, proteomic species estimation, and postmortem interval estimation. Finally, this review highlights some of the more recent innovations in proteomics that may guide further development of the field.}, Keywords = {,Forensic Medicine,Proteomics,Death}, volume = {28}, Number = {4}, pages = {195-203}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1382-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1382-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2023} } @article{ author = {Rabani, Nafise and Ahmadi, Mahbobeh and AkbarzadehBaghban, Alireza and Kiani, Mehrzad and Kazemi, Ashraf and Moayed, Hadiseh}, title = {Examining the relationship between experience of domestic violence and conducting women\'s cancer screenings}, abstract ={Abstract Aim: Domestic violence is one of the most common problems in the world, which has negative physical and psychological consequences and can be effective in women's cancer screenings. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the experience of domestic violence and women's cancer screening  Methods: The current case-control study was conducted on 404 women aged 18-45 referring to medical centers covered by the Social Security Organization of Isfahan city and using easy sampling method during six months. The rate of screening in two groups of women with violence and without violence was investigated. SPSS version 20 software and chi-square, Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney and logistic regression tests were used for data analysis.  Findings: The statistical results in the present study show a significant difference in screenings in both case and control groups. 22/8% and 35/6% in the violent group and 25/7% and 37/1% in the non-violent group and incompletely performed in the violence group 2 77/83 and 83/6 percent, and in the group of never seen violence, it is 74/3 and 62/9 percent.  Conclusion: Considering the inverse relationship between domestic violence and conducting screenings, life skills training, counseling and presentation Suitable solutions for couples to prevent violence can improve the barriers to screening and the resulting outcome. Key words: Domestic Violence, Cervical Cancer, Breast cancer, Breast self-examination}, Keywords = {domestic violence,cervical cancer,breast cancer,Breast self-examination}, volume = {28}, Number = {4}, pages = {204-213}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1396-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1396-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2023} } @article{ author = {Abbaszadeh, Mojtaba and Ghazanfari, Ahmad and Chorami, Maryam and Ahmadi, Rez}, title = {Comparison of the Efficacy of Group Therapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, and Reality Therapy on the Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, Aggression and Physical Complaints of Prisoners}, abstract ={Introduction: The high prevalence of mental health problems in prisons has become a global problem. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and reality therapy on depression, anxiety, aggression, and physical complaints of male inmates of Isfahan Central Prison.  Methods: The present study was a one-blind randomized controlled trial study (pre-test, post-test and follow-up) with a control group. The statistical population included all male prisoners of Isfahan Central Prison, from whom 120 individuals were selected based on systematic random sampling and randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group (per group n=30). The experimental groups received group therapy based on acceptance and commitment, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and reality therapy for 12 sessions of 90 minutes, and the control group was placed on the waiting list. Subjects completed the checklist of symptoms of mental disorders (SCL-90) by Dragotis et al., (1994) in three stages. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements and SPSS software was used to analyze the data.  Results: The results of the analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that group therapy based on acceptance and commitment therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and reality therapy were effective in improving the symptoms of depression, anxiety, aggression, and physical complaints (p<0.05). Also, according to the results of the posthoc test, there was a significant difference between the three treatment groups in the post-test in the research variables (p<0.05). Conclusion: Group therapy based on acceptance and commitment, cognitive-behavioral therapy and reality therapy improved the symptoms of depression, anxiety, aggression and physical complaints in male prisoners, and cognitive-behavioral  therapy was superior.  }, Keywords = {Depression,Anxiety,Aggression,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy,Prisoners}, volume = {28}, Number = {4}, pages = {214-227}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1372-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1372-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2023} } @article{ author = {Farhadi, Payam and Mazloum, Maryam and RamezaniGhotbabadi, Ali}, title = {Presenting a causal model of mediating factors affecting the relation between professional ethics and productivity using structural equation modeling in Fars Legal Medicine Organization}, abstract ={Aims: This research was conducted with the aim of presenting a causal model of mediating factors affecting the relation between professional ethics and productivity using structural equation modeling in Fars Legal Medicine Organization. Methods: The research was a survey research in terms of developmental and practical purpose and based on the data collection method. The main tool for collecting information was a questionnaire, which was used after checking validity and reliability. The statistical population of the research in the first part included the use of the opinions of academic experts to examine the variables using the Delphi method, and in this regard, the snowball sampling method was used. The second part consists of managers, supervisors and employees of the General Department of Forensic Medicine of Fars province, which at this stage was the type of sampling method available. In addition, the collected information was analyzed using SPSS, SMARTPLS 3 statistical software and at a significance level of 5%.  Findings : In shaping the causal model of the relationship between professional ethics and productivity, two categories of organizational factors (including variables of organizational justice, organizational learning, organizational commitment, organizational conflict, and leadership style) and individual factors (work relationships, job stress, job motivation, superiority seeking and competitiveness and job satisfaction) can be effective. Also, the results of the path test showed that at the 95% confidence level, all the proposed paths between the research variables are confirmed and meaningful.  Conclusion: Two categories of factors, including organizational and individual, influence the relationship between professional ethics and productivity in the General Department of Forensic Medicine of Fars province}, Keywords = {Two categories of factors,including organizational and individual,influence the relationship between professional ethics and productivity in the General Department of Forensic Medicine of Fars province}, volume = {28}, Number = {4}, pages = {228-239}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1373-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1373-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2023} } @article{ author = {VaziriEsfarjani, Shahla and Salimi, Mahin and HajiSharafi, Mohamm}, title = {An Investigating the relationship between the nutritional pattern and the growth pattern of children aged 6 to 24 months.}, abstract ={Introduction: Growth reduction usually occurs in the first 2 years of life, therefore, paying attention to feeding with breast milk and paying attention to complementary foods at these ages is especially important.The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the nutritional pattern and the growth pattern of their children.Methodology:The current study was a case-control study in which the information of 40 children aged 6 to 24 months with a deficiency or a drop in the growth chart as the case group and the information of 40 children with normal growth as the control group were taken over the phone. Became These two groups were matched in terms of age and sex.The data collection tool included a checklist that included children's demographic,anthropometric, and nutritional information.The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software and Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests.Findings:There was a significant difference between the case and control groups in terms of the intervals between breastfeeding (P=0.016) and the number of breastfeeding times (P=0.041) at night.Also, there was a significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of children's preference for complementary foods (P=0.001) and the simultaneity of breast milk and complementary foods (P=0.007).The average weight of children in the control group was higher than the case group (P=0.001),which was significant, but no difference was seen between the average height of the children, the average weight at birth, and the average weight at the beginning of 6 months.Conclusion:The intervals between breastfeeding, the number of times of breastfeeding at night, children's desire for complementary food and the simultaneity of breast milk and complementary food were related to children's developmental disorder. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended to give educational programs for mothers in the field of breastfeeding and the use of complementary foods  }, Keywords = {Breast milk,growth disorder,dependence}, volume = {28}, Number = {4}, pages = {240-246}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1387-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1387-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2023} } @article{ author = {KeshavarziMoghadam, Behgat and Varzendeh, Masoumeh and EslamiNia, Ehsan and KeshavarziMoghadam, Sareh and Haqshenas, Zainab and Hojati, Mahboubeh}, title = {Investigating the attitude of parents about the time of informing their children about the issue of adoption in adoption clients to the General Department of Forensic Medicine of Isfahan in 2018-2019}, abstract ={Introduction: The principle of telling the truth to an adopted child is one of the main concerns of parents, and the attitude of parents about when to inform their children about adoption depends on various factors. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the attitude of parents about the time of informing their children about the issue of adoption in Forensic Medicine in Isfahan in 2019-2020. Research method: The current research is a descriptive and cross-sectional design. In this research, after the field studies, a researcher-made questionnaire in the form of a census was given to 88 parents who referred to Isfahan General Medical Legal Department for adoption, and after obtaining their consent, it was completed and then analyzed by SPSS software. . Findings: 53% of adopted children were girls and 47% were boys. 74.6% of parents claimed that they want to announce the truth of adoption to the child and 25.4% of parents claimed that they do not want to announce the truth of adoption to the child. 87.2% of cases consider it a child's right to know, and 12.5% of cases do not consider it a child's right to know the truth. 48.4% of cases stated that they consulted with a psychiatrist about how to tell the truth to the child, and 51.6% of the cases stated that they did not consult with a psychiatrist about how to tell the truth to the child. Conclusion: According to the results, most of the parents did not have knowledge about the right time to tell the truth to the child and they had not even thought about this issue. It is necessary to teach couples when and how to tell the truth and to hold a counseling session with a psychiatrist.  }, Keywords = {Attitude of parents,and adoption,forensic medicine}, volume = {28}, Number = {4}, pages = {247-253}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1374-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1374-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2023} } @article{ author = {Sadeghpour, Mohammadjafar}, title = {Permissibility of Abortion Resulting From Adultery in the Scope of Current Laws}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Abortion, Adultery, Article 56}, volume = {28}, Number = {4}, pages = {254-255}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1407-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1407-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2023} } @article{ author = {EdalatiShateri, Zohreh}, title = {DSM–V Alternative Personality Disorder Model in the Forensic Context}, abstract ={-}, Keywords = {personality disorder,dimensional model,legal medicine}, volume = {28}, Number = {4}, pages = {256-257}, publisher = {Iranian Legal Medicine Organization}, url = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1405-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1405-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine}, issn = {1027-1457}, eissn = {2383-0034}, year = {2023} }