Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 24 1 2018 4 1 Academic Staff Attitude Toward Euthanasia in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 7 15 FA abdolhassan Kazemi Professor, Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz Iran Kazemi1338@Gmail.com Y Nasrollah Moghaddam Shahabi N hossein Ebrahimi N Hossein Jabbari N Pouya Fathalizadeh Parapary N Ali Safaei Ghaderi N Background: Euthanasia or good death refers to the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve patient’s pain and suffering. There are different euthanasia rules in each country. Attitudes toward euthanasia differ between individuals and populations, and in many studies the medical profession is more reluctant than the general public. Our goal was to explore academic staff attitude toward euthanasia in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This is a cross sectional study that an anonymous questionnaire was sent to  132 randomly selected physicians in Tabriz Uni. of Med. Sci. between 2009-2010, consisting of 15 multiple choice questions on definition and classification of euthanasia, legal status and attitude toward euthanasia among Islamic populations. Data were analyzed with SPSS16. Results: Analyzing 132 completed questions showed that only 10.2% and 6.2% endorsed the view that a physician should be permitted, under some circumstances, to allow a patient to end his or her life in hospitals and non-hospital (such as home). 59.1% and 80.6% endorsed the view that this practice should never be permitted in hospitals and non-hospital status such as her or his home. Of the groups surveyed, hematologists-oncologists and psychiatrists (100%) were most likely to oppose euthanasia and assisted suicide, and anesthesiologists (50%) were most likely to support these practices among hospitalized patients. Conclusion: In sharp contrast to similar surveys conducted in other countries, only a minority of physicians supported the euthanasia in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. It seems that palliative care needs to be stronger established and promoted within the Iranian health care system in order to improve the quality of end-of-life situations among terminally ill patients. Euthanasia, Attitude, Academic staff, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. http://sjfm.ir/article-1-957-en.html http://sjfm.ir/article-1-957-en.pdf

Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 24 1 2018 4 1 Demographic Investigation of Mortality due to Accidents Referring to Legal Medicine Organization in Fars Province during 2004-2014 17 25 FA Amin Rezaei N Saeed Gholamzadeh N Mohammad Zarenejad N Yassin Ayoubi N Gholamreza Abdolahifard Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,Abuse and Mental Health Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Abdolahigh@sums.ac.ir Y Introduction: Today, the death toll from traffic accidents is the most important and has become a continuous and dangerous threat to public health, even in developed countries. This report aims to determine the relationship between demographic variables and deaths in Fars province, as well as the identification of susceptible groups for better planning to prevent and reduce mortality. Method: This cross sectional study was performed to evaluate the incidence of death related traffic accidents in population of Fars province between 2004-2014. For gathering data about traffic accidents; we use medical council organization and death registration council in Fars province. In this research we study variables such as age, gender the place of accidents including: urban and suburban and rural roads, time of accidents including: year and month. For analysis of death ratio trend and gradients calculation, we use linear regression. The specific rate of death is calculated with dividing number of accidents related death in each year by population with different age in Fars province and same year. For analysis of data, we use some software’s such as Excel, SPSS 21 and chi-squared test, independent sample t-test analysis, correlation coefficient for level of significance. Results: This study showed that the majority of traffic accidents related mortality in males (85.5%) who are young (15-30 years old) in urban roads. The maximum rate of death related accidents happened in 2005 (11.7%) and in September (10.6%) and minimum rate happened in 2014 (7.7%) in January. The results show reduction in percentage of accidents related death to 27.2% in 10 years. The maximum growth rate of accidents was contributed to 2013 (6.6%) and minimum growth rate was in 2007 (21.5%). Also correlation between age and gender in accidents related death was considered significant. Conclusion: According to this study, despite of decreasing trends in car accidents related death, most of deaths are influenced working age population and impose severe psychological and socioeconomic burden to society. We suggest performing culture-building practices about accident inducing injuries and complications and doing prevention actions to see decrease in traffic mortality and morbidity.   Traffic accident, Death, Fars, Death related accident http://sjfm.ir/article-1-958-en.html http://sjfm.ir/article-1-958-en.pdf

Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 24 1 2018 4 1 Frequency of Aggression among Sexual Assault Victims Referred to Legal Medicine Organization in Isfahan Province 26 33 FA Nassim Khademi a. Nursing and Midwifery Sciences Development Research center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran b. Faculty member, Development of midwifery, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad university, Najafabad, Iran khademi_nasim@yahoo.com Y Fatemeh nahidi N Mohammad Arisian N Mahdis Nafe N Bahman Salehi N Introduction: Aggression is a mental disorder that can occur following rape. Diagnosis and treatment of this disorder will help the victims. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of aggression among victims of rape refer to Legal Medicine Organization in Isfahan province in 2015. Methods: This descriptive study consisted of 93 subjects, which referred to Isfahan Forensic Medical Center were selected randomly. Study tools included demographic information sheet and SCL-90 questionnaire. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation test, in depended t and one way ANOVA were used in SPSS v.17. Results: 12.9%(12 people) of patients had mild (0-1), 57% (53 people) moderate (1-3), 30.1% (28 people) severe (3-4) aggression. Regarding 6 sub-indices of aggression index, 45.2% (42 people) of the subjects had too much experience in a get out of the furnace. 34.4% (32 people) anger, 34.4% (32 people) desire to beating, 32.2% (30 people) desire to throw things, 31.2% (30 people) discussion and engagement, 35.5% (33 people) shout and shout had too much experience. Conclusion: The results showed a significant positive association between rape experience and aggression (p<0.001). The results showed that the majority of victims of sexual assault had aggression due to the increasing rate of sexual assaults on women and the recognition of rape as a disruptive factor for mental health, strategies and resources should be allocated for the prevention of rape and early diagnosis and treatment of aggression, and other complications. Aggression, Women, Sexual assault http://sjfm.ir/article-1-959-en.html http://sjfm.ir/article-1-959-en.pdf

Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 24 1 2018 4 1 Sexuality Change and its Criminal Effects 34 46 FA Fatemeh Azimi Faculty of Law, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh.azimi1396@yahoo.com Y Sexuality change is one of the important issues that have led to the emergence of new legal and criminal issues that have never been before. If a person commits a crime in accordance with sex change regulations and has committed a crime before the change, but the sentence has not been issued or has been issued, but not enforced, will the sexuality change affect the punishment of the offenses in question? In spite of the fact that the legislator in the Islamic Penal Code on various materials, wherever he was the subject of an offense and committed a crime, refers to anyone who, or any man and every woman, has the same distinction in the subject and the perpetrator crime is not gender-based. On the other hand, there are also offenses that, due to the type of crime, the subject of the offense is only one of the two males or females, so that if the subject changes one of the males to females or vice versa, the type of crime committed and its punishment has also changed, and sometimes even the criminal character of action is lost. The purpose of the present research is to respond to the criminal effects of sexuality change in light of the legislator's silence and the lack of explicit legal clarification on gender change. The method of research is an analytical and descriptive method, which is done by studying books, articles and consulting with lawyers and specialist doctors.  This study, with jurisprudential and legal review, led to the conclusion that what is important is the importance of gender in the crime at the time of committing a crime, even if his sex after the crime was changed. Crime, Punishment, Sexuality change, Physician http://sjfm.ir/article-1-960-en.html http://sjfm.ir/article-1-960-en.pdf

Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 24 1 2018 4 1 Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Commitment and Job Burnout in Personnel Working at the Center for Accident and Emergency Management of State of Guilan 47 52 FA Payman Asadi N Fatemeh Niazmand N Seide Masoomeh Maleki Ziabari MA.,Emergency Medical Management Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran maleki.ems2012@gmail.com Y Introduction: The presence of committed human resources in any organization leads to improving its performance and achieving individual and organizational goals. Especially relief agencies that deal with people's lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational commitment and job burnout among the employees of the Guilan Center of Emergency Medicine. Objective: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 among the emergency medical staff of Guilan. The statistical population includes 425 personnel of Guilan province Center for Accident and Emergency Management, which 201 person were selected for sampling, used for data gathering in this study. Maslach burnout inventory questionnaire and Allen & Meyer's organizational commitment questionnaire were used to collect data. Pearson correlation test and  SPSS-19 software are used for data analysis. Results: In this study (13.9%) were female and 86% male. The average organizational commitment is 4 with a standard deviation of 894%. Also, burnout has a mean of 3 and a standard deviation of 391%. The results show that the mean of all dimensions of organizational commitment with burnout is directly related to coefficient (132%) and significant (p <0.05). Conclusion:  Increasing organizational commitment reflects the acceptance of organizational goals and values on the part of the employees, and committed employees have a better job performance in the organization and a lower level of job burnout. Therefore, it is imperative that managers and comrades try to increase their level and put it into their own plans.   Job burnout, Organizational commitment, Emergency medical science http://sjfm.ir/article-1-961-en.html http://sjfm.ir/article-1-961-en.pdf

Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 24 1 2018 4 1 Investigation of Bullet Shooting Rresults in Referral Death to the Kahrizak Hall of Legal Medicine Organization from 2010 to 2014 53 59 FA Fares Najjari Assistant Professor of Legal Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran fares.hospital@yahoo.com Y Background: Given that police statistics show awareness of the fact that the use of firearms and more generally the availability of firearms in the country has increased. The study of dead-bullets can provide valuable information on changing patterns of use. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the shooting of the bullets that led to the death of the Kahrizak Hall of Legal Medicine Organization from 2010 to 2014. Methodology:This is a descriptive and analytical research which is applied in terms of purpose and a census study in terms of data collection. 220 gunshot death cases were examined in a dissection hall of Legal Medicine Organization for a five-year period. The statistical analysis of the collected data was conducted via SPSS software (Ed. 18) and chi-square test. Results: The research samples of this study included 95.9% male and 4.1% female corpses. The average age of the deceased persons was 31.5. In 41.4% of cases of gunshot injury, the main hurt organ was brain, while in 47.3% of cases the injured area of body has been head. 23.3% of gunshot death cases were suicides and 31.1% have been homicides. 60.5% of cases under study were handgun shootings. 47.1% of suicide cases were occurred at home, 41.3% of cases were street homicides, 48.8% of the cases under study were accidental gunshots in military camps, and 90.6% were gunshot deaths following the street clashes with police.          Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize the existence of a relationship between the availability of weapons and the rate of suicide. In addition, many cases of shotgun deaths occur accidentally in military camps and by soldiers, which can be prevented by interventions. Epidemiology, Gunshot, Legal medicine http://sjfm.ir/article-1-962-en.html http://sjfm.ir/article-1-962-en.pdf

Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 24 1 2018 4 1 Study of Quality of Life Aspects in Male to Female Gender Dysphoria in Terms of Sex Reassignment Surgery 60 69 FA Zohreh Maryami N Mahdieh Sadat Moosavi M.Sc of Midwifery, Instructor of Varamin Islamic Azad University, Pishva, Iran. Mosavi.mahdie@gmail.com Y Seyedeh Fatemeh Vasegh rahimparvar N Firoozeh raisi N Alireza Kahani N Naser Bahrani N Background: Sex reassignment surgery has been done as a therapeutic option in people with gender dysphoria in Iran and other countries that has not been determined. The impact of related factors including age at surgery, duration of past surgery and the individual complaints on quality of life, so this study has been completed with the aimed to assess quality of life aspects in male to female gender dysphoria in terms of sex reassignment surgery. Methods: This cross-sectional study has been done in 2013 on 46 male to female gender dysphoria. To evaluate the samples’ quality of life, the demographic information was collected at first step and then quality of life standardized questionnaire (SF36) was utilized. Results: Base on ANOVA analysis, there was not a significant relationship between duration of past surgery and cosmetic surgery. However, there was a significant relationship between age of people at the time of surgery and satisfaction with the apparent characteristics (p<0.05). Therefore, the people who had completed surgery in the age of 28-22 years had a higher quality of life, and those who were dissatisfied with the characteristics of appearance had lower quality of life than others. Conclusion :It is necessary to have consultations with a team of experts including psychiatrist and psychologist that can choose suitable person for surgery with a view to considering age factor and follow-up of persons for reduction of difficulties after surgery. Quality of life, Satisfaction of apparent characteristics, Age of surgery, Sex reassignment surgery http://sjfm.ir/article-1-963-en.html http://sjfm.ir/article-1-963-en.pdf

Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 24 1 2018 4 1 Based Out of Conflict Judicial Indications Based on Medical Tests With Legal Indications 70 80 FA Amir Hamze Salarzaee N Rzie Rayatie Heydar Abadi Msc. Student in Jurisprudence and Principles of Islamic Law, Sistan & Baluchestan University, Zahedan, Iran rrh.1368@ gmail.com Y In the current era ، despite the complexity and variety of crimes against humanity,  judicial  justice without tapping new sources of forensic science and new technologies is somewhat difficult. In the age of information and communication technologies, laboratory data as one of the important examples of evidence of crimes are one of the legal indications due to the progress of science in recent years. The prospect of a new scientific discovery has opened crimes to humanity. In fact, this indication is an indirect reason based eyewitness and vote judge that the result in science is the subject of complaint leading to a decision on the occurrence or non-occurrence of the crime by the accused. Important medical- experimental indications more time that we are looking for answers to these questions that in what form and with what basis come first, legal indications based on laboratory data that primarily are of valid guess. Considering the importance of this issue and assumption of this article based on priority of medical data on legal indications must be specified. This descriptive and analytical article that was set with library tools, reviewed radix of priority of the legal indications based on laboratory data under explain of position of evidence of proof  and definition of indications and express aspects of difference of judicial and legal indications and validity of laboratory data in law and jurisprudence and accordingly has proven to be despite of  priority intermittent and typical legal indications on judicial indications under normal conditions. Laboratory data serve as judicial indications on legal indications is the first because of science production and more fact finding and of access of reasons of proof in Emam Law and jurisprudence and judge's knowledge validity. Judge knowledge, Experimental data, Judicial indications, Legal indications, Validity http://sjfm.ir/article-1-964-en.html http://sjfm.ir/article-1-964-en.pdf