Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 31 4 2026 3 1 The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Harmful Impulsivity in Female University Students: Implications for Forensic Medicine 196 204 FA Masoumeh Faghfouriazar Department of Physical Education, Ga.C., Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran m.faghfouriazar@iau.ac.ir Y 0000-0002-5949-8064 Introduction: Harmful behaviors are among the most significant public health issues, with considerable legal and forensic consequences. Impulsivity, as a key psychological factor, is a reliable predictor of these behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity, impulsivity and harmful behaviors in female university students and its implications for forensic medicine. Methods: This descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional study was conducted on 358 female undergraduate students from universities in Tehran (mean age: 22.9±2.6 years). Sampling was performed using a multi-stage cluster method. Data were collected using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests. Results: The results showed a significant positive correlation between impulsivity and harmful behaviors (r = 0.65). Significant negative correlations were observed between physical activity and impulsivity (r = -0.40) as well as between physical activity and harmful behaviors (r = -0.35). Multiple regression analysis revealed that a one-unit increase in physical activity decreased harmful behaviors by 0.25 units (P = 0.002), while a one-unit increase in impulsivity increased harmful behaviors by 0.55 units (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Physical activity can serve as an effective, low-cost preventive strategy for reducing impulsivity and subsequently decreasing harmful behaviors among female university students. These findings have important implications for forensic medicine organizations and crime prevention centers, recommending the design of regular physical activity programs within universities as part of comprehensive interventions to reduce high-risk behaviors. Physical activity, Impulsivity, Harmful behaviors, Forensic medicine http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1724-en.html http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1724-en.pdf

Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 31 4 2026 3 1 A Comparative Study of Child Abuse, Social Intelligence, and Emotional Maturity among Sexually Delinquent Adolescents in the Khorasan Razavi Juvenile Correction and Rehabilitation Center and Ordinary Adolescents in 2024 205 214 FA Somayeh Rahimi Ahmaddabadi Attar Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran s.rahimi@attar.ac.ir Y 0000-0002-2478-401X Ali Akbar Samari Department of Clinical Psychology, Kash.C, Islamic Azad University, Kashmar, Iran Aasamari87@gmail.com N 0000-0003-0437-1987 Zhara Rahimi Ahmaddabadi Informatics Specialist, Razavi Khorasan Province Judiciary, Mashhad, Iran Zahra.rahimiahmadabadi@Gmail.com N 0009-0003-4563-1674 Nayereh Abedinzadeh Shahri Judicial Science and Administrative Services University, Judiciary of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran Nayerehabedini99@gmail.com N 0009-0000-0111-3822 Introduction: This study aimed to compare child abuse, social intelligence, and emotional maturity between sexually delinquent adolescents at the Juvenile Correction and Rehabilitation Center of Khorasan Razavi, Iran and their non-delinquent peers in 2024. Methods: A total of 40 adolescents were selected through convenience sampling and completed the Child Abuse Questionnaire, Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale, and the Emotional Maturity Scale (Singh & Bhargava). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance via SPSS version 21. Results: Significant group differences were found across all variables and subscales (P<0.001). Delinquent adolescents reported higher levels of child abuse and lower levels of social intelligence and emotional maturity compared to their peers. Conclusion: Child abuse, social intelligence, and emotional maturity represent key psychosocial factors associated with adolescent sexual delinquency. The findings highlight the necessity of early psychological assessment, trauma-informed interventions, and structured educational programs within correctional settings to prevent recidivism and facilitate social reintegration. The study is distinguished by the simultaneous assessment of these three constructs in an Iranian sample and the inclusion of a matched comparison group, which enhanced the interpretability of psychological correlates of sexual offending. Child abuse, Social intelligence, Emotional maturity, Adolescents, Sexual delinquency http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1670-en.html http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1670-en.pdf

Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 31 4 2026 3 1 Comparison of the Effect of 8 Weeks of Combined Training with Caffeine or Ginseng Supplementation Versus Aerobic Exercise on Physical Fitness, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress: A Randomized Clinical Trial 215 228 FA Mohammad Hassan Olamazadeh Exercise Physiology Department, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Mholamazade@yahoo.com Y 0009-0004-7165-1924 Mohammadreza Zarali Armed Forces Health Administration of Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran Mohamadrezazarali@gmail.com N 0000-0001-7447-2658 Amin Ebdalifar Faculty of Physical Education, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Amin.ebdalifar@yahoo.com N 0000-0002-5437-1275 Introduction: Active-duty military personnel are at risk of reduced physical fitness and increased anxiety and depression due to operational stress and sleep loss. This study compared the effects of 8 weeks of selected combined training with caffeine, ginseng, or placebo supplementation versus morning aerobic exercise on fitness and psychological outcomes. Methods: In this four-arm randomized clinical trial, 60 active-duty men with body mass index (BMI) 25 to 35 kg/m² were randomized to one of four groups (n = 15 each): (1) combined training plus caffeine, (2) combined training plus ginseng, (3) combined training plus placebo, or (4) morning aerobic exercise. Outcomes included VO₂max, body composition, flexibility, balance, muscular strength and endurance, and DASS-21 scores, assessed at baseline and after the 8-week intervention. Between-group differences were analyzed using ANCOVA adjusted for baseline values, age, and BMI. Results: All three combined-training groups, compared with morning aerobics, showed significant improvements in VO₂max, lower body-fat percentage, higher fat-free mass, and better flexibility and balance, whereas body weight and 1RM indices did not differ between groups. The greatest improvement in body composition was observed in the combined-training + caffeine group. Reductions in total DASS-21 score occurred mainly in the two supplement groups. Conclusion: Eight weeks of selected combined training produced greater improvements in VO₂max, body composition, flexibility, and balance than morning aerobic exercise, regardless of supplementation. Caffeine and ginseng provided modest additional benefits, with no clear superiority between them. This combined-training protocol may be a practical, low-cost option for active-duty personnel. Caffeine, Physical fitness, Depression, Anxiety, Military personnel http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1548-en.html http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1548-en.pdf

Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 31 4 2026 3 1 Finding the Validity of M-FAST for Detecting Malingerers in Defendants Who Claim Mental Disorder and Referred to Legal Medicine Center of Tehran, Iran 229 237 FA Armindokht Ahmadi Legal Medicine Research Center, Iranian Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran armindokhta@yahoo.com N 0000-0002-5817-7701 Seyed Mehdi Saberi Legal Medicine Research Center, Iranian Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran saberi_md@yahoo.com Y 0000-0002-5817-7701 Mohamad Hossein Mirjalili Department of Forensic Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran mdmirjalili@gmail.com N 0009-0004-9551-3024 Saeid Kiani Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran k9126627204@gmail.com N 0009-0001-1676-8677 Introduction: The considerable prevalence of malingering of mental disorders among defendants underscores the necessity of having auxiliary diagnostic tools to identify genuine patients. The aim of this study was to develop an objective instrument with established validity and reliability to assist in the detection of malingering within a short timeframe during forensic psychiatric evaluations. Methods: This study was conducted using the M-FAST instrument along with a clinical interview and final psychiatric diagnosis in the psychiatric department of Legal Medicine. The study is a descriptive survey with an emphasis on the instrument validation plan. The M-FAST was applied on 144 defendants claiming mental disorder and 273 non-disordered defendants and was analyzed to determine the cut-off point after determining the sensitivity and specificity based on information obtained by Rock curve (ROC). The content validity of the instrument was checked through experts' opinion and its validity was obtained through statistical and psychometric methods. Results: Based on the results obtained through the calculated ROC curve of sensitivity and specificity, the appropriate cut off point of instrument was calculated 6. This means that if the total score obtained for an individual is higher than 6, it will be an indicator of malingering. Conclusion: Given the critical importance of psychiatric interviews in the diagnosis of mental disorders, having access to an appropriate, valid, and reliable instrument with sound psychometric properties can contribute to more accurate psychiatric evaluations in forensic medicine. Mental disorders, Malingering, Psychometrics, Forensic medicine http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1645-en.html http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1645-en.pdf

Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 31 4 2026 3 1 Effect of Intraoperative Epidural Depo-Medrol Administration on Pain Intensity, Analgesic Use, and Six-Month Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Discectomy for Lumbar Disc Herniation 238 247 FA Armin Mehri Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Arminmehri4@gmail.com N Omid Masoumi Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran omidmasoumy@gmail.com N 0000-0003-4650-870X Ali Andalib Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran neurosurgery.resident2000@gmail.com Y 0000-0002-1238-5476 Introduction: Postoperative pain and analgesic requirement are important concerns after lumbar discectomy. This study evaluated the effect of intraoperative epidural Depo-Medrol on pain intensity, analgesic use, and six-month outcomes in patients with lumbar disc herniation. Methods: This cross-sequential study included 38 patients undergoing lumbar discectomy at Alzahra and Kashani educational hospitals, Isfahan, Iran, from 2022 to 2025. Controls received saline-soaked gelfoam, whereas the intervention group received gelfoam soaked with 40 mg Depo-Medrol. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, chi-square/Fisher exact tests, and effect-size indices. Results: Pain decreased in both groups, but between-group differences at discharge and one month were not significant. Admission duration and time to self-care also did not differ. Daily opioid use was lower in the Depo-Medrol group (0.39 vs. 0.73 times/day; P=0.047). At six months, recurrence was lower and return to work was higher in the Depo-Medrol group, but not significantly. Conclusion: Intraoperative epidural Depo-Medrol may reduce postoperative opioid requirement and may be clinically associated with improved mid-term outcomes. Larger controlled studies are needed. Diskectomy, Lumbar disc herniation, Depo-Medrol, Pain, Opioid http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1643-en.html http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1643-en.pdf

Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 31 4 2026 3 1 Method and Risk of Screening for Fetal Chromosomal Abnormalities in Mothers Referred to Ahvaz Legal Forensic Medicine 248 256 FA Najimeh Saadati Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Saadati-nil@ajums.ac.ir N 0000-0002-5709-6280 Seyed Sajad Marashi Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Sajadmmarashi@hotmail.com N Mojgan Barati Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran barati-m@ajums.ac.ir N 0000-0002-9545-1845 Samira Negahdari Legal Medicine Research Center, Iranian Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran s.negahdari2018@gmail.com Y 0000-0003-4811-6013 Elham Modheji Legal Medicine Research Center, Iranian Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran E_Modheji@yahoo.com N 0000-0002-3715-2521 Introduction: Prenatal screening for chromosomal abnormalities, utilizing maternal serum markers, maternal age, and ultrasound, is standard practice for pregnant women in Iran and many other countries between 11 and 13 weeks of gestation. This study aimed to examine the screening methods and risks associated with fetal chromosomal abnormalities in pregnant women who received medical abortion permits by the Forensic Medicine Centers of Khuzestan over a five-year period. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study included 3,905 cases referred for medical abortion licenses due to fetal complications between 2016 and 2020 at the Forensic Medicine Centers in Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran. Of these, 637 cases (16.31%) involving fetal chromosomal abnormalities were analyzed. Data were processed using SPSS (version 22), with statistical significance defined as a P-value of less than 0.05. Results: The mean age of the mothers in the study group was 35.46 ± 6.06 years. There was no statistically significant relationship between maternal age and the incidence of fetal trisomies 13, 18, or 21 (P>0.05). Of the samples analyzed, 73.3% were identified with trisomy 21, 18% with trisomy 18, and 4.7% with trisomy 13. Furthermore, no significant association was observed between maternal age and nuchal translucency (NT) measurements in mothers either under or over 35 years of age (P>0.05). Conclusion Screening tests are an effective method of screening women at risk of giving birth to fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities, and further research is recommended to determine the accuracy of these tests in the larger Iranian community. The NIPT was found as a method with high accuracy and significantly reduces the need for invasive routine screening procedures in different risk groups of pregnant women. Legal abortion, Chromosome Abnormalities, Prenatal diagnosis, Karyotype, Trisomy http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1708-en.html http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1708-en.pdf

Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 31 4 2026 3 1 A reflection on the necessity of distinguishing the “cause of death”, “mechanism of death”, and “manner of death” when preparing a death certificate 257 258 FA Ali Ostadi Department of Clinical Toxicology and Poisoning, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ostadia@tbzmed.ac.ir Y 0000-0001-9868-0080 cause of death,mechanism of death,manner of death http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1723-en.html http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1723-en.pdf

Iranian Legal Medicine Organization Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 2383-0034 31 4 2026 3 1 Challenges in the Interpretation of Laboratory Evidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Family Law Disputes 259 260 FA Omid IRAVANI Legal Medicine Research Center, Iranian Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran om_iravani@yahoo.com Y 0000-0001-8633-085X Mansour Firozbakht Legal Medicine Research Center, Iranian Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran dr_mfz4757@yahoo.com N 0000-0002-5256-5383 This article does not have any abstract. Sexually Transmitted Infection,Family Law Disputes,Laboratory Evidence,Multi-Source Interpretation http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1696-en.html http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1696-en.pdf