11 1027-1457 Iranian Legal Medicine Organization 518 Survey on the Protective Effect of Total Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Artemisia Aucheri on Mercuric Chloride-induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Mice Hakimizadeh Elham b Baniasadi Pour Hanieh c Rezazadeh Hossein d Ansari Jaberi Ali e Mashayekhi Narges f Ismaili Marzieh g Nejad Hassan Reza h Amin Fatemeh i Shamsizadeh Ali j Ayoobi Fatemeh k Zare Lida l Tavakoli Mohammad Allah m b Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences c Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences d Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences e Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences f Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences g Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences h Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences i Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences j Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences k Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences l Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences m Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences 1 9 2013 19 2 251 256 16 02 2014 16 02 2014 Background: Heavy metals cause to nephrotoxicity in kidney tissue of human and animals through increased production of oxygen free radicals. Plants Antioxidants are of good choices for protection against the toxicity of these compounds. In the current study, the protective effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Artemisia was assessed on Mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods: In this study 28 male mice were used. Animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (N=7) as: 1 - Control, 2 - Mercuric chloride, 3 - Mercuric chloride with extract of Artemisia and 4 – Extract of Artemisia groups. Mercuric chloride and Artemisia extracts intra-peritoneal were injected with the dose of 1.5 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg for 8 days, respectively. Then, blood samples were prepared and nephrotoxicity was determined by measuring serum urea and creatinine, using spectrophotometry (device SINCO) and specific kit (Pars test). Data were reported as Mean ± SEM via SPSS software. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test was used for data analysis and P <0.05 was considered as a significant difference. Findings: Compared to the Mercuric chloride group, Artemisia extract caused a significant decrease in serum urea and creatinine in the combined Artemisia extract with Mercuric chloride group. Mercuric chloride also caused a significant increase in serum urea and creatinine in the Mercuric chloride group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Our results showed that the extract of Artemisia has protective effects against nephrotoxicity induced by heavy metals such as mercury.
519 Evaluation of Structure and Functions of Selected European Forensic Toxicology Laboratories and Comparison with Iranian Forensic Toxicology Laboratories Soltaninejad Kambiz n Faryadi Mansoor o n Legal Medicine Organization of Iran o Legal Medicine Organization of Iran 1 9 2013 19 2 257 265 16 02 2014 16 02 2014 Background: َA detailed plan for improving of the quality and quantity of Forensic Toxicology Laboratories of Iran required understanding of the structure and function of same accredited laboratories in developed countries in the world. The aim of this study is to investigate that the structure and function of selected forensic toxicology laboratories in Europe and comparison them with Legal Medicine Organization (LMO) of Iran forensic toxicology labs. Method: This is a descriptive study. The selected European forensic toxicology laboratories have been evaluated as a member of the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI). The present study is based on questionnaire for data collection. Data was obtained from selected ENFSI’s Forensic laboratory and then were compared with LMO’s forensic toxicology laboratory. MS-Excel 2007 software was used to plot graphs. Findings: In this study, data from 17 European countries and 18 forensic toxicology laboratory were reviewed. In terms of structure, the most of these laboratories (39%) have been affiliated under the Ministry of Justice, and only 6% of them are independent. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry is the most common equipment used in all laboratories. In all countries, judicial system is as the largest recipient of the specialized services and private centers and hospitals (11.1%), were the least common customers of these laboratories. All these laboratories had ISO17025 certificate or are getting it. Conclusion: According to these results, it seems that the LMO forensic toxicology laboratories have a proper position in comparison with the same ENFSI laboratories based on the structural, technical and specialized equipments. However, practical measures for getting of quality control management system certificates for LMO forensic toxicology laboratories seem necessary. 520 A Survey of Sued Surgeon’s Reactions to Malpractice Litigation Joghataei Hojjatolah p Fallahian Masoumeh Mohammadi Vida Saberi Seyed Mehdi Masehi Farzaneh p Legal Medicine Organization Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Legal Medicine Organization Legal Medicine Organization 1 9 2013 19 2 267 274 16 02 2014 16 02 2014 Background: All practicing physicians are vulnerable to medical malpractice claims. Medical malpractice claims have many adverse effects on physicians so called medical malpractice stress syndrome. To describe the reactions of this syndrome on surgeon’s who sued by Legal Medicine Organization Complaints Commissions in I.R of Iran. Methods: cross sectional study of sued physicians in 6month on 175 surgeons, self-reported reactions to malpractice litigation by using an anonymous questionnaire. Findings: from 175 case 81% was male and19% was female with average age of 48/5 years .Study relieved more than 97% of sued physicians acknowledge some physical and/or emotional reaction .Physical responses typically include the onset of a physical illness, such as palpitation or dyspepsia in 69%. Emotional responses are more common and may range from anger to profound depression or other responses such as sleep interference and disorder in concentration in 77%. In addition to the significant personal responses to malpractice litigation, a claim may substantially impact physician's professional and social life in 84%.These physicians are more likely to stop seeing patients who seem to have a greater risk of experiencing a bad outcome or of propensity to initiate a suit. In women after being sued feelings of loss work is common. There was related between Feelings of loneliness or emptiness avoidance of reminders of the loss (patient situations, activities) and loss of interest in work are more common with palpitation in 53%. Conclusions: A complaint or law suit is common in the daily practice of Surgeons, yet in today's medico-legal environment they pose a constant potential threat. The threat of, or actual, legal process can cause psychological, physical and behavioral practice changes that noticeable in I R of Iran. 521 Comparative Study of Drowned Cases Who Had Been Assisted by Relief of Guilan's EMS in the First Six Months of 2011-2012 Monsef Vahid Asadi Payman Maleki Ziabari Syyede Masoomeh zohrevandi behzad Guilan University Of Medical Sciences Guilan University Of Medical Sciences Guilan University Of Medical Sciences Guilan University Of Medical Sciences 1 9 2013 19 2 275 281 16 02 2014 16 02 2014 Back ground: Drowning is regarded as a serious danger to health of people in northern provinces specially at summer season and in respect to tourist attraction of Guilan and geographical situation of this province we decided to study and compare the assisted drowning cases by emergency 115 of Guilan in first six months of 89-91. Methods: This is a case-series cross sectional study that 340 reports of drowning helped by emergency 115 of Guilan in the first 6 months of 2011-2012 years were reviewed. For each patisnts a check list including age, sex, site of drowning, patients situation ( hospitalization, managemant in the samelocation or death) and the month of drowning were recorded analyzed by the spss19 software and exam t-test, chi-square. Findings: The results of this study showed that despite 52.5% decrease at the first half of the years in 2010 compare to 2013, this treand has increased in 2011-2012 and there was 112% increase in rate of drowning. Also the number of drowned individuals in the first six month of 2010-2012 was 340 individuals male individuals comprised 68.2% and female individuald comprised 31.8% most of drowning were in the age range of 20 to 24, 25.4% years old. 90.3% of drowned individuals have been outside of swimming borders. In addition, 60.6% of drowned individuals have been hospitalized in hospital and 25.9% of drowning cases were treated in the place by the help of emergency and 13.5% have died. Conclusion: considering the results of this study, it seems that the most possible places to happen a dangerous accident relate to places outside of sea plan (swimming borders) of Guilan that need to more efforts in order to improve and develop the preserved seashores. In addition, presenting information about the dangers of swimming outside of sea plan to people and improvement of relief system can play an important role in prevention of these accidents and their horrible outcomes. 522 Comparison of the Preliminary Discordant Schema in Psychopath Men Offenders with Personality Disorder Ghadipasha Masoud Sardaripour Mehran Khoshravesh Saeed Legal Medicine Organization Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University 1 9 2013 19 2 283 289 16 02 2014 16 02 2014 Background and Aims: This research was done to compare preliminary discordant schema in psychopath men offenders with personality disorder and other offenders hospitalized in Dr Lavasani hospital in 2012_2013 Material and Methods: The type of this research was descriptive-analytic .The sample of this research were two hundred (200) sudjects from the population of all patient with personality disorder hospitalized in psychiatry ward in Dr Lavasani hospital in Tehran. The sampling method was non randomly available. control group is 20 patient with internal diseases hospitalized in general ward of that hospital which they don’t had the background of committing crime and they had no history of psychosis disease and they never use psychiatric drugs. The group from four variables: Age ,marital status , occupation status and the educational status are the same. Data’s of this research were collected with questionnaire of preliminary discordant schema Yung form (short form) analyzed with the usage of independent (T) test for correlated group according to this research Results: the average of number in some component are more high ,This discrepancy is more high in vulnerability to harm or illness ,subordination, defectiveness, shame and dependency in competence, entitlement, grandiosity and elusion schema dimensions rejection and ejectment and impaired anatomy is performed Conclusion: Highlighting this preliminary discordant schema especially in two circuits «ejectment, elusion rejection» and «impaired anatomy» can play an important role in committing crime in people 523 Compliant about Dentists and Experimental Dentist’s Malpractice Referred to the Fars Province Legal Medicine Organization and Medical Council during 2011-2006 Hedjazi Arya Zamiri Barbod Zareanezhad Mohammad Salehi Seyedeh Mina Gholamzadeh Saeed Khademi Mojtaba Ghadipasha Masoud Legal Medicine Organization Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Legal Medicine Organization Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Legal Medicine Organization Homozghan University of Medical Sciences Legal Medicine Organization 1 9 2013 19 2 291 299 16 02 2014 16 02 2014 Background: Medicine cannot be practice without accident or complication. Like medicine doctors, dentists practice in a field that despite their attempt to relieve patients' pain, sometimes an accident hurts patient and make unsatisfactory for them. This study assesses dental claims of dentists and experimental technicians in Shiraz. Methods: In this analytic cross- sectional study, we assessed all dental claims documents registered in Islamic Republic of Iran Medical Council and Legal Medicine Organization during 2006- 2011. Data were entered to 17 version of SPSS statistics software and Chi- square test was used in order to analysis of findings. Findings: During these 6 years, 107 dental claim documents had been registered in these 2 organizations which the most of claims were against general dentists who were working in private solo- practice clinics. The most of complaints were related to oral and maxillofacial surgery specialty because of hurting adjacent structures during tooth extraction. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study and other studies in Iran, it seems that we need to educate our dentists more about correct case selection, science, practical skills and correct communication with patient in order to reduction of malpractice and unsatisfactory and complaint against them. 524 Tehran University of Medical Students' Awareness about Abortion Laws in 2011 kazemzade Nahid Shabannejadkhas Zahra Bahadouri Nastran Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences 1 9 2013 19 2 301 306 16 02 2014 16 02 2014 Background: Abortion around the world is important. Islamic law as it is important .WHO estimated that one eight of pregnancy death is just because of illegal abortion effect. Lack of education of student of medicine about the abortion regulation and rules can endanger the pregnant mother life and also make some problem for medical communities. Methods: This study is a cross sectional study and all 200 student of medicine of medical science of Tehran university have been evaluated by considering the knowledge level of rules and regulation of abortion. The questionnaire has been used in order to collect all data. After completion, the SPSS software has been used for analyzing data. Findings: Of the 200 patients, 37.5% were male and 62.5% female. Male and female students' knowledge of the differences was significant. Their knowledge of males was higher than females. knowledge of Basic science student was 28% (weak), physiopathology students, was 38% (moderate),stager students was 55% student (on average) and intern students was %48 (on average). The awareness of medical student in different levels of education was statistically significant difference .the knowledge of stager students was greater. Conclusions: According to the study the knowledge of student about abortion laws was moderate. Forensic medicine course should be more effectively integrated into academic courses and retraining programs and workshops will be held to increase knowledge of health staff Undoubtedly reduce forensic problems and also will be improved the health of pregnant women . 525 Nurses Experiences of the Problems Caused by Patient’s Litigation to Law Authorities Ghodousi Arash Mohammadi Elahe Ziaeirad Marzieh Khorasgan branch, Islamic Azad University Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University 1 9 2013 19 2 307 312 16 02 2014 16 02 2014 Background: Nursing is one of the vulnerable careers in clinical health and nurses face patient’s litigation to law authorities. This study focuses on this litigations and their impact on the nurse’s activities. Methods: The present study is a qualitative research based on phenomenology. Nurses having the experience of confronting with the problems related to patient’s litigation to law authorities entered the study. Sampling was purposeful and continued until information saturation was obtained. An interview was done un-structural and the analysis of the data was according to colizzi method. Finally, the main themes of interviews were extracted. Findings: In this study, eight nurses having the experiences of patient’s litigation were interviewed. The age range of the participants was between 29 to 44 and their job experiences 3 to 22 years. After reviewing the interviews and extracting primary codes, three secondary codes, unwillingness to go to work, obsession at work and early disability at work, were obtained. Finally, the secondary codes formed one main theme, unwillingness to go to work. Conclusion: According to the results obtained from the experience of confrontation with patient’s litigation to law authorities, it was a painful and weakening experience for nurses and had a negative effect on nurse s clinical job. Therefore, inorder to prevent these kinds of job problems, it is recommended to teach the elements causing these problems and the ways to prevent them to the students of nursing and clinical nurses. 526 Knowledge of students of medical science schools about retributive legal midwifery in field of medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University in 2013 Azimi Nasrin Tadayon Najafabadi Mitra Ziagham Sara Kiani Mehrzad Jundishapur University of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Ahvaz Shahid Beheshti University of medical science 1 9 2013 19 2 313 319 16 02 2014 16 02 2014 Introduction: Behavior is result of decision and it is based on awareness and attitude .Knowledge or learning cause to stimulation human to learning. Many of mistake in medic are result of lack of awareness about therapy subject that these mistakes cause to physical ,emotional and financial damage to patient and these reduce patient' trust to treatment team and will fallow it cause to pay fine for trespassing. Material & method: This research was a cross sectional-descriptive study and the study's population was all of MS & BS midwifery student and assistant resident of gynecology Ahvaz medical science of university that 90 person of them entered to project by available sampling. Research tool was a bi-partial questionnaire with demographic data and 33 question with quad-answering for determining awareness’s student about subject’s study. Data analyzed by descriptive statistic and SPSS software version (17). Result: The mean age of student was 24.72±4.58 most of them were midwifery student (61.11 percent). The mean score of awareness was 10.83±2.7 (low awareness). Between score of awareness and prediction of student about their awareness was not significant (p=0.168). Between score of awareness and take apart in workshop of project’ subject was significant (p=0.007). Conclusion: It is necessary to evaluation level of awareness' treatment employers for detecting their strength and weakness and determining methods for promoting their awareness for programming promotion awareness level, function and reducing mistakes and medical complains. Midwife and gynecologist are face to many medical complaints so codification common and handling forensic medicine topics are very important. 527 Personality Dossier Necessity in Iran Criminal Process Mohammadian Sara Mohammadrezapour Babak Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch 1 9 2013 19 2 321 330 16 02 2014 16 02 2014 Character is a set of apparent and non-apparent characteristics of one`s behavior that has more stability and manifestations and somewhat predictable. Traditionally, there are disagreements for determinism and authority, some have the full authority, some were fatalists, and the third group respects to the important role of criminal in penal process by reject the recent theories. Recent theory fans necessarily emphases to study the criminal character beside mading a file called “personality identification dossier”. Personality dossier contains the results of studies and medical tests, psychology, psychiatry, and social studies about convicted and sentenced ones. In Iran’s criminal law, some rules such as Articles of 18, 37, 38, 43, 60, 64, 152, 188, etc, Islamic penal code Act of 1392 and Article of 222 from criminal procedure, implicitly, and Articles of 47 and 64 from prisons executive regulation and the country Security and Educational actions, Act of 2005 in the stage of implementing prison sentence, explicitly, addressed to mading personality identification dossier. Field studies conducted in prisons and rehabilitation centers in the country, as evidence that scientifically – practically not making such a document. Different factors impede the proper exercise of judicial decisions and legal establishment in Iran that generally could pointed as Legal, judicial and obstacles barriers. The only way to overcome these impediments is collaborative effort by the three branches (include legislative, executive, and judicial).