2026-10-15T21:54:53+03:30 http://sjfm.ir/browse.php?mag_id=31&slc_lang=fa&sid=1

31-513 2026-10-15 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine Iran J Forensic Med 1027-1457 2383-0034 2013 19 4 Mohammad Amin Valizade Hasanloei Behzad Boshehri behzadboshehri@yahoo.com Seyyed Hassan Adeli Mohsen Khadir Sharbiani Background: Anemia is one of the common clinical problems of hospitalized patient in ICU ward that has different etiology. Repeated phlebotomy for laboratory evaluation can be one of the etiologies of anemia in ICU patients that wasn’t known clearly yet. The other causes are inflammation, chronic disorders and gastrointestinal bleeding. In this study we evaluated of the effect of repeated phlebotomy in hemoglobin range in patients admitted to intensive care unit of Urmia Emam Hospital. Methods: In this retrospective study we evaluate the clinical records of 841 patients from March 2011 to march 2012 who were admitted to intensive care unit Emam Khomeini and Ayatollah taleghani hospital. 641 hospitalized patients were excluded from study because they had not inclusion criteria’s and only 200 patients were enrolled in the study. The collected clinical date’s from the medical records were included sex, underlying disease, serum hemoglobin level of first and seventh day of admission, mean number and volume of blood sampling during seven days of hospitalization. Findings: Anemia was occurred in all of the 200 hospitalized ICU patients. The mean serum hemoglobin level of patients in the first and seventh day of admission was 12.85 ± 4.53 gr/dl and 11.18 ±4.6 gr/dl respectively. There was no significant relationship between age and sex of patients with serum hemoglobin level. The mean decreased level of hemoglobin in male patient after seven days of admission was 1.7 gr/dl vs 1.6 gr/dl in female patients. There was no relationship between underlying disease and degree of decreased hemoglobin. Our study revealed that recurrent blood sampling in ICU patients can causes anemia and it has a negative correlation with mean volume and the number of blood sampling. Conclusion: Repeated phlebotomy can induced Anemia in ICU patients, then it is better to avoid from unnecessary blood sampling as much as possible. Anemia Intensive Care Unit Repeated Phlebotomy 2013 3 01 159 164 http://sjfm.ir/article-1-513-en.pdf

31-511 2026-10-15 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine Iran J Forensic Med 1027-1457 2383-0034 2013 19 4 Zahra Hosseini za.ho61@yahoo.com Zahra Kholghi Somayeh Jaberi Akram Seddighy Vajihe Salehi Matin Tafvizi Background: Personality is a general and complex concept which has resistant effectes on marital relationship. Some of personality traits and mental disorders will increase conflictions and tension between couples so that these confliction may have significant effects on family’s unsuccessfulness and instability also they may threat marital durability and stability. The aim of this study is to compare personality specifications between conflicting couples and normal couples regarding to the five factors inventory. Methods: The sampling community includes 53 conflicting couples and 53 normal couples form Esfahan city who were selected by available sampling method. The measurement tool is Casta and Mac cery’s Neo five factors inventory (240 questions). For analyzing the data we use Spss 16 and Manova at significant level p < 0.05. Findings: The results of this study show notable differences in conciseness (C) and extroversion (E) and Neuroticism (N), but there is not differences in Agreeableness (A) and O at significant level P < .05. Conclusion: According to this study, it can be concluded that personality specifications such as neuroticism and extroversion and conciseness are effective on confliction between couples. Five-Factor NEO-PI-R Inventory Conflicting Couples 2013 3 01 165 174 http://sjfm.ir/article-1-511-en.pdf

31-503 2026-10-15 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine Iran J Forensic Med 1027-1457 2383-0034 2013 19 4 Navid Nasiri mo.kh59@yahoo.com Mojtaba Khalili Hassan Rahimi Hossein Molavi  Background: The goal of this research is investigation of relationship between individual, climatic, ecological factors and murder in Isfahan.  Findings: The statistical universe was all the murderers that were inmates in central prison of Isfahan in 1391. We selected 167 subjects as statistical sample by using simple random sampling. The Method of research was quantitative and it is in descriptive-survey (none experimental) methods. We made a questionnaire to information gathering. We used T-test one-sample, X2 and SPSS software for data analysis.  Findings: The results indicate that there are pnificant differences between these variables: criminal history, mental disorder history, criminal history of family, substance used, race, location, season, region and murder (p=0.000), but there is no pnificant difference between time (day and night) and murder (p=0.37). In other hand, the most of murderers don’t have criminal record, mental disorder history, criminal history of family and substance used They are Persian The most of murder happens in winter, at home and in north of Isfahan city. Conclusion: The study concluded that the climatic and ecological factors more directly related to the incidence of homicide than the personal factors Individual Factors Climatic Factors Ecological Factors Murder 2013 3 01 175 183 http://sjfm.ir/article-1-503-en.pdf

31-514 2026-10-15 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine Iran J Forensic Med 1027-1457 2383-0034 2013 19 4 Ahmad Ghalkhanbaz Salman Khazaei s_khazaeii@yahoo.com Maryam Afshari Mokhtar Soheylizad Reza Farazi Background: Research on formation and frequency of crime is necessary because it is the only correct understanding of the underlying factors that can be act to reduce crime. This study examined factors associated with the repeated of imprisonments in prisoners of Tuyserkan city. Methods: The present study is a descriptive – analytical study done over 93 prisoners, in Tuyserkan city in 2012. A random sampling of all prisoners (n= 247) were selected. The data based on a chech list including demographic, behavioral, and the mass was collected. After collecting the data, using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used. Fingings: In total, 65.6% had a history of incarceration. The education levels of 70% of them were less than a cycle and on 64.5% of them were older than 35 years. 79.6% of them were using drugs before imprisonment. In this study, history of prison in their friends (OR =5.2) and substance use (OR =9.5) were involved in re-incarceration. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study location, (city and leased to the expatriate's home), a history of crime in friends, drug abuse before prison, age at first offense with imprisonment of repetition was a significant relationship. So we can do effective procedures to prevent and reduce repeat offenses and released back to prison, the design and implementation of the principles of classification and separation of prisoners and education them, improve prison conditions and to provide effective services to them, accepting inmates that are released by family, friends and social institutions and effective measures to prevent their exclusion. Offenses Imprisonment Repeated Offenses 2013 3 01 185 192 http://sjfm.ir/article-1-514-en.pdf

31-510 2026-10-15 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine Iran J Forensic Med 1027-1457 2383-0034 2013 19 4 Maryam Vosoogh vosooghmaryam2008@gmail.com Mehdi Forouzesh Background: One of the cases that clearly can be seen in human societies is risk of violence in the family. It will certainly put the health of society in danger. Methods: This is a cross sectional analytical study. Questionnaire were given to 1121 women that due to wife abuse had referred to forensic medicine of Zanjan province in 2010. The questionnaire were analyzed by K2 and, Binomial tests and statistical year book of the province. Findings: Significant statistical difference at 99% level was between age groups of women, women's education, women's birth rank, women's job, men's education, men's occupation and number of children. Most frequency of differences were due to financial trouble with their wives about 23.2%. In 46.3% of cases the first wife abused was one month after morrtage.81% of women were abuse more than five times, while 65.6% of them had referred once to forensic medicine. Conclusion: It can be helpful to provide the necessary training to youth in schools, higher education institutions and media, get help from Islamic orders, premarital counseling, consultation during marital life for reducing differences, strengthen the spirit of consultation and advice, the introduction of women's participation as much as possible in economic and social activities, efforts to promote gener equality, enactment and enforcement of women's protecting laws, efforts to improve economic and social situation, planning and implementation of economic activity for increase employment opportunities. Women Violence Wife Abuse. 2013 3 01 193 204 http://sjfm.ir/article-1-510-en.pdf

31-516 2026-10-15 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine Iran J Forensic Med 1027-1457 2383-0034 2013 19 4 Parvaneh Mohammadkhani Hmid Khanipour khanipur.hamid@gmail.com Firouzeh Jafari Ardeshir Mobram Backgrounds: The aim of this study was to investigate risk and protective factors of suicide attempt in male prisoner with substance abuse or dependence. Methods: In a correlational design from Tehran prison population 230 participants were enrolled in study. We assessed participants with Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Brief symptom inventory, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Reasons for Living. Findings: Findings showed that the life time prevalence of suicide attempt was 42%, the main way for suicide attempt was self-poisoning, the life-time prevalence of overdose was 27% and in 15% of participants the main motive in overdose was dying. Group comparisons showed participants with history of suicide attempt have significant differences with non-attempters in terms of coping and survival beliefs, moral objections, social disapproval and trait mindfulness. Logistic regression showed that poly drug substance abuse history, beliefs about coping & survival and family responsibility predict history of suicide attempt. Cunclusion: Suicide attempt was a relatively common problem in male prisoner with substance abuse and dependence. Abusing more than one kind of substance and beliefs related to reasons for living were the main risk and protective factor in suicide attempt in male prisoners with substance abuse and dependence. Suicide Attempt Substance Abuse Risk Factors Reasons for Living 2013 3 01 205 214 http://sjfm.ir/article-1-516-en.pdf

31-509 2026-10-15 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine Iran J Forensic Med 1027-1457 2383-0034 2013 19 4 Masood Ghadipasha m.ghadipasha@yahoo.com Ali Salari Mohammad Zarenezhad Narjes Khaton Dehghanpour Jaber Gharedaghi Background: Lower limb is the most common body region injured in various types of injuries resulting from car accidents and injuries in the second area affected anterior body injured and often cause common injuries in motorcycle accidents following long-term treatment, permanent disability and paying heavy damages. In this study, the defects of lower limbs due to accidents are investigated. Methods: In an analytical study by a convenience sample, all subjects followed traumatic accidents referred to forensic medicine center in Kerman city, were studied which led to the solar year in the lower limb injury. After researching the data necessary examinations and special investigations, made up a questionnaire and data analysis software was SPSS 15. Findings: In this study 18% of the total sample was female and 82% were male. Most people in the age group 20-31 years and 79 % had below diploma education. Tibia shaft and proximal area of tibia were so common frequency in the affected individuals. Most damaged (79%) were in motorcycle and bicycle riding. 50 % of injuries was on right side, left 45% and 5% were caused by both sides. 66% of those defects were between 0 to 5% . Conclusion: Based on the results of this study and the fact that most of the incident location is on the street (70%) and the highest position to pass and bicycle (37%) therefore vehicle speed control and the necessary changes in motorcycle design and use of safety clothing of lower limb fractures and subsequent injury resulting is preventable. Since most of the injured are having education below high school diploma thus, creating access to higher education can be a longs step to decreasing the mentioned defected. Accidents Fractures Defects Forensic Medicine Kerman 2013 3 01 215 220 http://sjfm.ir/article-1-509-en.pdf

31-507 2026-10-15 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine Iran J Forensic Med 1027-1457 2383-0034 2013 19 4 Alireza Karimi mnavid@iust.ac.ir Ahmad Shojaei Mehdi Navidbakhsh Borhan Beigzadeh Shahab Faghihi  Background: Characterizing the mechanical properties of brain tissue is deemed important for developing a comprehensive knowledge of the mechanisms underlying brain diseases. Mechanical properties of very soft tissues, such as brain until recently have been attracted the attention of researchers because these tissues do not tolerate mechanical loads. The mechanical properties of brain tissue, however, can change in some disease. Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) is one of the hazardous types of malaria that can alter the brain tissue properties by parasitized red blood cell (PRBC). The most severe and challenging complication of P.falciparum infection is cerebral malaria (CM). CM is a clinically complex syndrome and during the CM, PRBCs sequestered in cerebral microvasculature and cause coma and eventually patient will die of it. Therefore it seems noticeable to investigate on variation of mechanical properties of brain tissue after infection.   Methods: The mixed gray and white matter samples are excised from seven rats which were infected by Plasmodium berghei-ANKA (PbA) strain and two rats as the control group. Then each removed brain tissue is carried out on uniaxial tensile apparatus and the stress-strain diagram for each brain tissue is obtained.   Findings: The results are shown that with increasing the level of parasitemia from 1.5% to 6%, the elastic modulus of brain tissue is increased about 3.44 times. The comparison between the 5.5% and 6% level of parasitemia is indicated 1.87 times increasing in elastic modulus. The comparison between the control group (0%) and 6% of parasitemia is depicted more than 4.07 times increasing in brain tissue stiffness.   Conclusion: It can be concluded that, brain’s rigidity is resulted from stiff PRBCs which were sequestered in brain’s microvasculature. This suggests sequestration of the stiffened and less deformable parasitized red blood cells in the brain microvasculature.  Malaria Plasmodium Berghei–ANKA Brain Tissue Mechanical Properties Elastic Modulus 2013 3 01 221 226 http://sjfm.ir/article-1-507-en.pdf

31-515 2026-10-15 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine Iran J Forensic Med 1027-1457 2383-0034 2013 19 4 Mohammad Khoshhal Fariborz Vafaee Masoumeh Khoshhal KHOSHHALSEPIDEH@GMAIL.COM Background: In spite of the numerous advancements in diagnosis and treatment of the disease, today, lodging files against dentists is increasing. Population growth, social awareness growth, and growing number of physicians, as well as implementation of lawyers and legal advisers are among the reason for such complains. In this study, we tried to get information to dentists on concept and principals of medical malpractice, new and old Islamic Punishment Law, criticism of these laws and statistics of malpractice in the courts . Methods: Disciplinary penalties or punishments consisted primarily of compensation. Technical and scientific standards in diagnosis and treatment is the most important criterion in the evaluation of dental complaints are referred to courts and law enforcement staff. Conclusion: Increasing knowledge of dentists about medical university and special office law can perform important roles on relationships between dentists and their patients based on legal terms, and has important role in prevention of the medical malpractice. Malpractice Dentistry Islamic Punishment Law 2013 3 01 227 232 http://sjfm.ir/article-1-515-en.pdf

31-512 2026-10-15 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine Iran J Forensic Med 1027-1457 2383-0034 2013 19 4 Mohammad Asadinejad Mohammad_asadinejad@yahoo.com Abbass Yadollahi Baghlouee Maryam Asadinejad Background: Surrogacy is the one method of therapy for infertility that due to of this, the egg of infertile woman with her husband,s spermia fertilized in vitro and for grow the producted embryo transfer to the other woman,s uterus that the name of this woman is surrogate mother. Whether the surrogate mother is married, with conclusion of this agreement and performance the obligations arise of this, she can t administrate her legal task of marriage against her husband. Therefore this question is arise what is the right of the husband of surrogate mother in this manner toward his wife and can he breach the agreement of his wife because the conflict with his right? Findings: From collection of legal provision in civil law and the law to protect family we can say legislator enact tasks for husband and express sanctions for them. Every woman i.e. surrogate mother must enforce her duties against her husband that denominate obedience and whether violate them without reasonable excuse, consist in legal sanction in this ground. Conclusion: surrogate mother with conclusion of surrogacy agreement, violate the administration her task of marriage against her husband that create her responsibility and husband can use the sanctions of obedience e.g. discharge of maintenance against his wife. He also annuls this contract before implant fetus in uterus of his wife. Surrogate Mother Obedience Wife Maintenance 2013 3 01 233 238 http://sjfm.ir/article-1-512-en.pdf