2026-10-18T01:08:43+03:30 http://sjfm.ir/browse.php?mag_id=43&slc_lang=fa&sid=1

43-807 2026-10-18 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine Iran J Forensic Med 1027-1457 2383-0034 2016 22 2 Roghaye Zare roghayezare@ymail.com Hossein Ghamari Givi Behzad Valizadeh Background: We are witnessing in recent years that the increasing rate of divorce creates a multitude of difficulties for families and communities. Divorce is a threat to mental health and compared to men, women  experience more negative effects in stressful situations and the rate of depression among women is twice of that in men. The present study compares mental health of ordinary women and those who are divorcing. Methods: The study was a cross- sectional one and its subjects included 100 divorcing women and 100 ordinary ones. The first group was selected from among women who had requested for divorce and were referred to Ardabil legal Medicine center. The Control group included married women residing in Ardabil with similar socio cultural conditions with no complaints regarding their marital life and no complaints to courts. Data collection was carried out though DASS-21 and Beck scale for suicidal thoughts. And the results were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Findings: The results revealed a higher average of scores in both tests among the divorcing group than among control group, which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate a higher rate of psychological problems in divorcing women (compared to control group), along with a high rate of depression, anxiety and suicidal thoughts. Hence, it seems that this group of women need supportive measures and consultation to decrease their anxiety and tension in order to prevent depression and suicide attempts among them, which requires support of families and social welfare organizations. Mental Health Divorce Depression Stress Women 2016 8 01 87 94 http://sjfm.ir/article-1-807-en.pdf

43-808 2026-10-18 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine Iran J Forensic Med 1027-1457 2383-0034 2016 22 2 Narges Rostamian Rostamian.n@gmail.com Behnam Behnoush Hessam Rostamian Samrand Salimi Fakhreddin Taghadosi-nejad Background: Acute poisoning is a major problem in the field of mental health throughout the world. This study was carried out to identify a pattern for acute poisoning in adolescents (13 to 18 years old) admitted to Baharlu hospital from 2012 to 2014. Methods: Demographic data of poisoning of 282 adolescents were recorded. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Questionnaires were completed through direct access to these patients' hospital records. Findings: The results revealed narcotics, sedatives and anti depressant as the most common causes of poisoning in these subjects. Less than 2 percent of cases were fatal, mostly due to aluminium phosphide (aka rice pill). The rate of suicide was higher among girls than boys. There was a significant relationship between the date (year) of admission and the type of drugs used, with an increase in use of narcotics and sedatives in 2014 compared to 2012. There existed a significant relationship between the age of subjects and type of drugs used, with an increased use of antidepressants and sedatives in higher ages. Eighty six point eight percent of cases of drug poisoning were due to suicide attempts. Conclusion: Since the type of drugs used and criticality of conditions of drug poisoned adolescents are multi factorial phenomena, it is advisable to take various comprehensive preventive measures to decrease the rate of acute drug poisoning in adolescents considering all these factors. Acute Drug Poisoning Adolescents Suicide Baharlu Hospital 2016 8 01 95 101 http://sjfm.ir/article-1-808-en.pdf

43-809 2026-10-18 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine Iran J Forensic Med 1027-1457 2383-0034 2016 22 2 Amir Mohammad Mohajerpour Shokooh Pourbabaei Shirin Heshmati Seyyed Mehdi Saberi Saberi­­_md@yahoo.com Background: Evidence of violent crimes due to consumption of psycho stimulants like Crystal (or Glass) was the main reason for designing the study to find the prevalence of such crimes in referred cases to Tehran branch of LMO, in 2013. Methods: This is a cross- sectional descriptive analysis, including all cases referred by criminal courts during the study. In all cases, both criminal files and clinical records, as well results of psychologic and psychiatric examinations, along with other necessary information (e.g. type of crime committed, records of previous psychological disorders and during the criminal act, and other parameters) were gathered and studied. Findings: The present study was carried out on 138 cases referred to LMO's Psychiatrics Department, all were male. 84 of which single and 30 divorced. The mean of age in these cases was 28.4 (SD=6.2). All of them had records of committing violent crimes including quarrel (35), theft (25) and murder (12). Nearly half of them (57) were unemployed and most of them (114) had a long history of substance abuse (psycho stimulants like Crystal or Glass). Conclusion: The fact that the rate of committing violent crimes (e.g. quarrel, robbery, murder,…) among those who use psycho stimulants is considerably high, makes it necessary to inform the youth and families through media campaigns about the potential role of these substances in criminal behavior among users. Psycho stimulants Glass (Crystal) Violent Crimes Forensic Medicine 2016 8 01 103 109 http://sjfm.ir/article-1-809-en.pdf

43-811 2026-10-18 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine Iran J Forensic Med 1027-1457 2383-0034 2016 22 2 Nahid Mahmoodi Saied Gholamzadeh Mohammad Zarenezhad zarenezhad@hotmail.com Background: Remarkable body transformations affect one's identity, embodied mentality and self-perception. The present study was conducted   with the intention of determining   identity styles in persons with gender identity disorder in Fars Province. Methods: The present case-control study was conducted by observing two groups, control (204 persons) and case group (60 persons), with accessible sampling   and out of   GID visitors to Fars province forensics head office and normal people. They were evaluated through personal information and Berzonsky identity styles questionnaire. Attained data was analyzed using   Pearson correlation coefficient and SPSS (version18) questionnaires, a significance level of (p<0.05) was considered. Findings: acquired findings indicated that concerning identity avoidance frequency was highest among operated GID sufferers and concerning normative identity and it was the highest among non-operated GID sufferers. In non-operated group there is a negative inverse correlation between identity avoidance and job and education; however, in the operated group there is a definite correlation between information and normative identity and education, and there is a direct correlation between commitment and education, on the other hand. In both groups between identity commitment and education lies a significant relation.           Conclusion: Considering the findings of the research, it can be concluded that people with gender identity disorder who have operated and those not operated have difference of identity and there is a relationship between demographic variables and type of identity. Identity Styles Gender Identity Disorder 2016 8 01 111 120 http://sjfm.ir/article-1-811-en.pdf

43-812 2026-10-18 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine Iran J Forensic Med 1027-1457 2383-0034 2016 22 2 Gholam Ali Dorvashi gdorvashy@med.mui.ac.ir Mahdi Mesri Sayed Kazem Taheri Sareh Noruzi Background: Attempts to obviate criminal responsibility of insane criminals in law and importance of recognizing the cases involving lack of judgment and volition have made the courts to require expert opinion, including forensics psychiatrists and psychologists, in these cases. By determining the exact criteria in this regard, a considerable number of patients mistakenly convicted will have a chance to be acquitted, and if necessary, referred to mental hospital instead of prison. The present study was aimed to provide a way to converge medical and legal points of view in such cases in order to prevent unwise punishment of these patients. Methods: The present study is a descriptive - analytic one, carried out through rational and logical reasoning regarding what was available in different resources (including legal, psychologic, psychiatric and forensic medicine texts).  Findings: Insanity is defined in criminal law as the condition of a person lacking judgement and volition to be able to act normally. Although, these psychological and/or psychiatric references don’t mention the term "insanity" and its diagnostic criteria, psychiatric disorders resulting in lack of judgement and volition, might obviate criminal responsibility. Therefore, instances of insanity include degrees of disorders such as schizophrenia, hypomania, mania, depression, delusional disorders, epilepsy, dementia, personality disorders, mental disabilities, etc. Conclusion: Although the term "insanity" is a legal concept that includes the instances of insanity in legal medicine. It can be said that not only the concepts of insanity, either in psychiatry or in criminal law, do not oppose, but also there are numerous instances of overlapping in these cases. Insanity judgment and volition Criminal Responsibility Forensic medicine Criminal Law Psychosis. 2016 8 01 121 128 http://sjfm.ir/article-1-812-en.pdf

43-813 2026-10-18 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine Iran J Forensic Med 1027-1457 2383-0034 2016 22 2 Saied Pournaghash –Tehrani spnaghash@ut.ac.ir Maryam Eftekhari Masssod Gholam Ali Lavasani Background: The present study was carried out with an emphasis on violent men exposed to domestic violence during childhood as the point of intervention to stop transmission of violence between generations in order to determine the role childhood exposure to domestic violence in predicting depression, anxiety and stress in this group of men. Methods: This is a cross- sectional descriptive study, including 45 subjects selected within a 4 month period using a purposive sampling method. These men were selected because their wives had officially complained about battery and violence and in some cases with medical evidence of physical violence. They had accepted to complete the domestic violence and DASS questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Findings: The results revealed that the variables like witnessing domestic violence must be considered as important in predicting violent behavior in adulthood and being a victim of domestic violence in childhood is a variable that can be used to predict depression, anxiety and stress later. Conclusion: These finding can be used to develop and implement more effective treatments for violent behavior and informing people about consequences of behaviors that increase the risk of involving children in domestic violence, leading to decrease in transmission of violence between generations. witness victim depression anxiety Stress Men domestic violence 2016 8 01 129 137 http://sjfm.ir/article-1-813-en.pdf

43-814 2026-10-18 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine Iran J Forensic Med 1027-1457 2383-0034 2016 22 2 Arezoo Cheraghi Hedyeh Riazi Email:h.riazi@sbmu Mohammad Ali Emamhadi Sara Jambarsang Background: Midwifery errors are associated with a multitude of maternal and fetal problems with fatal consequences. Hence, identifying related factors is of special value. The present study was carried out to identify the organizational factors of these errors from the viewpoint of midwives working in educational hospital and health centers of Tehran.                                    Methods: This descriptive study included 252 midwives working in educational hospital and health center affiliated with Tehran, Shahid Beheshti and Iran Universities. Data gathering was performed using a researcher-designed questionnaire, the face validity and content of which was confirmed by calculating its CVR and CVI indices. Reliability of the instrument was approved by test-retest and calculation of Chronbach's alpha. The SPSS.V.16 software was used to analyze the data. Findings: The rate of midwifery errors among theses midwives and/or their colleagues was 69.8%. The majority (82.9%) of them believed that errors will be reported and 69.8% believed that the form of error report will be completed. The Organizational factors of midwifery errors were prioritized as follows: work overload, occupational stressors, neglecting psychological safety of midwives, stated by subjects of this study. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of score of organizational factors. Conclusion: It seems that proper planning and efforts to improve the organizational factors can play a significant role in decreasing the occurrence of midwifery errors. Error Midwifery Error Organizational Factors 2016 8 01 139 146 http://sjfm.ir/article-1-814-en.pdf

43-815 2026-10-18 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine Iran J Forensic Med 1027-1457 2383-0034 2016 22 2 Sayed Mahdi Marashi Mahdi Ghazanfari Nasrabad Email: drmgh2200@yahoo.com Omidreza Kargar Background: Traumatic knee injuries are among the most common cases that should be evaluated by a forensic medicine specialist. The present study examined the accuracy and reliability of MRI and clinical examination in evaluation of meniscal and anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments in subjects who referred to the Yazd clinical forensic medicine ward depatrment. Methods: In this study, 114 patients with complaint of traumatic knee injury who had undergone arthroscopy and MRI between October 2013 and May 2014 were included. Considering arthroscopy results as a gold standard, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and accuracy of MRI and clinical examination were evaluated. Findings: According to arthroscopic investigations, complete tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament (42.1%) and partial tearing of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (26.3% each) were the most common reported complications. This study indicated that the accuracy of MRI for anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial meniscus and lateral meniscus lesions were 68.4%, 81.6%, 71.9%, and 99.1% respectively. Moreover, the accuracy of clinical examination for anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, and meniscal lesions were 59.6%, 78.9%, and 75.4% respectively. Conclusion: The present study indicated that knee MRI and clinical examination results are not obligatory in concordance with arthroscopic findings. Moreover, based on the present results it seems that emphasis on clinical examination findings, is not adequate for assessment of traumatic knee injuries in forensic appraisal.                  Trauma Knee Diagnosis Arthroscopy MRI 2016 8 01 147 153 http://sjfm.ir/article-1-815-en.pdf