Background: Fingerprint pattern inheritance is a polygenic one. Blood groups of people also follow a natural genetic inheritance. Some studies have been carried out on the relationship between types of ABO blood groups and fingerprint with physical features of human body. This study aims to find out prevalence of fingerprint patterns in ABO blood groups.

Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 600 healthy people in 4 blood groups of A, B, AB, O and in two blood factors of Rh+ and Rh-. The blood group and Rh factors of the people were determined by Cell Type method. Their fingerprints were specified using Henry and Galton’s dermatoglyphics method. Fingerprint patterns of people were classified into 3 major groups (Arch, Loop, and Whorl) and 9 minor fingerprint patterns.

Findings: Prevalence of whorl, loop, and arch patterns in the people under study were achieved as 44.1%, 43%, and 12.8%, respectively. For whorl pattern, the most major fingerprint patterns in A, B, and O blood groups and Rh+ people were 25.7%, 27.7%, 27.3%, and 91.4%, respectively. For loop pattern, the frequency in AB blood group and Rh- people were 30.6% and 13.5%, respectively.

Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that frequency of fingerprint patterns is different between ABO blood groups yet, further studies with higher sample size are recommended.