Background: Medical malpractice is one of the most important objects occurring in different medical fields and the judiciary evaluate thesubject only after complaints performed by patients or their relatives.In this regard,  confronted by health care workers. In this regard, there was no complied and holistic study in the medical community on a national scale in Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of orthopedic cases of medical malpractice from a legal and civil perspective referred to Legal Medicine Organization.

Methods:In  this retrospective register study all orthopedic malpractice complaints referred to Legal Medicine Organization in three years since 2008 to 2010 were evaluated.

Findings: Totally,  677 orthopedic malpractice complaints including 188 women (28.06%) and 487 men (71.93%) were involved in this study. In 356 cases malpractices led to organ failure. Totally, Tehran with 403 cases of complaints had the most frequency of medical malpractice. Of the total complaints malpractice was detected in 280 cases and in 384 cases the malpractice was not recognized In fact, malpractice was diagnosed for 254  physicians , and 329 physicians no malpractice was not recognized.

Conclusion: The most frequency  of medical malpractice was observed in the field of orthopedics. The highest frequency was allocated to Tehran legal medicine center. Surveys also show a downward course of filing malpractice complaints in the field of orthopedics from 2008 to 2010.