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Digital Drugs: An Emerging Mental Health Crisis and the Need for Criminological Intervention
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Mohadeseh Akhundzadeh Arani1   , Seyed Ahmad Mirkhalili2 , Nafiseh Motavallizadeh Naeini3 , Seyed Mostafa Mirmohamadi Meybodi3 |
1- PhD candidate in criminology and criminal law
2- Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Theology, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran , dmirkhalili@gmail.com
3- Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Theology, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran |
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Abstract: (15 Views) |
Introduction: In recent years, a phenomenon referred to as digital drugs has emerged within virtual environments, posing increasing challenges to mental health and social security. These stimuli claim to replicate the psychoactive effects of conventional narcotics through specific auditory frequencies that influence brainwave activity and alter mental states. This study aims to examine the nature, underlying mechanisms, and consequences of digital drugs, while analyzing the factors contributing to their appeal from biological, psychological, and sociological perspectives.
Methodology: This study adopts an analytical-descriptive approach. The descriptive component reviews the scientific and historical foundations of binaural beats, explains the structure and function of audio-based stimuli, and discusses their potential neurological effects. The analytical component applies theories of addiction and examines the legal challenges and regulatory gaps associated with digital narcotics.
Findings: Digital drugs induce effects similar to traditional substances by utilizing binaural beats, stimulating specific brain regions, and triggering the release of neurotransmitters. Based on criminological theories, the factors driving the propensity for this phenomenon consist of a combination of biological (reward pathway stimulation), psychological (anxiety and low self-control), social (peer influence and social validation), and economic (low cost and lack of legal consequences) dimensions. Furthermore, a review of the literature reveals a legal gap stemming from the physical definition of "narcotic substances." To address these challenges, an "Integrated Criminological Intervention Model" has been designed and proposed, employing a multidisciplinary approach across three dimensions: prevention (information dissemination), suppression (criminalizing ), and rehabilitation (specialized psychological services).
Conclusion: The findings highlight the necessity of multi-level interventions. Revising criminal legislation, implementing preventive strategies within educational and healthcare systems, and increasing public awareness are essential responses to this emerging technological threat. Accordingly, this study proposes an Integrated Criminological Intervention Model that incorporates biological, psychological, and social dimensions to guide effective prevention, treatment, and legal regulation. |
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| Keywords: Binaural Beats, mental health, Legislation, Jurisprudence |
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Type of Article: Research Article |
Subject:
Forensic Neurology
Received: 2025/11/1 | Revised: 2026/09/5 | Accepted: 2026/09/5
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